عفص

Arabic

Etymology

Borrowed into Arabic from Aramaic עַפְצָא (ʿap̄ṣā) / ܥܱܦܨܳܐ (ʿap̄ṣā), absolute state עֲפֶץ (ʿap̄eṣ), itself treated as a later variant of אַפְצָא (ʾap̄ṣā) / ܐܱܦܨܳܐ (ʾap̄ṣā), absolute state אֲפֶץ (ʾap̄eṣ). The Arabic verbs are denominal, from the use of the idea of oakgalls being a powerful astringent, used in medicine and tanning. Arabic عَصَفَ (ʕaṣafa, “to hit on; to blow violently”) is metathetical to this denominal verb with its ideas of violence and after the inflation of an oakgall. Distantly related to the root ع ص ر (ʕ-ṣ-r) which also exists in Aramaic.

Noun

عَفْص • (ʕafṣ) m (collective, singulative عَفْصَة f (ʕafṣa))

1. gall-nut, oak-gall

   Coordinate term: تَاكُوت (tākūt)

2. gall-oak (Quercus lusitanica and other species)

Declension

Declension of noun عَفْص (ʕafṣ)

Collective	basic collective triptote
	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	عَفْص ʕafṣ	الْعَفْص al-ʕafṣ	عَفْص ʕafṣ
Nominative	عَفْصٌ ʕafṣun	الْعَفْصُ al-ʕafṣu	عَفْصُ ʕafṣu
Accusative	عَفْصًا ʕafṣan	الْعَفْصَ al-ʕafṣa	عَفْصَ ʕafṣa
Genitive	عَفْصٍ ʕafṣin	الْعَفْصِ al-ʕafṣi	عَفْصِ ʕafṣi
Singulative	singulative triptote in ـَة (-a)
	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	عَفْصَة ʕafṣa	الْعَفْصَة al-ʕafṣa	عَفْصَة ʕafṣat
Nominative	عَفْصَةٌ ʕafṣatun	الْعَفْصَةُ al-ʕafṣatu	عَفْصَةُ ʕafṣatu
Accusative	عَفْصَةً ʕafṣatan	الْعَفْصَةَ al-ʕafṣata	عَفْصَةَ ʕafṣata
Genitive	عَفْصَةٍ ʕafṣatin	الْعَفْصَةِ al-ʕafṣati	عَفْصَةِ ʕafṣati
Dual	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	عَفْصَتَيْن ʕafṣatayn	الْعَفْصَتَيْن al-ʕafṣatayn	عَفْصَتَيْ ʕafṣatay
Nominative	عَفْصَتَانِ ʕafṣatāni	الْعَفْصَتَانِ al-ʕafṣatāni	عَفْصَتَا ʕafṣatā
Accusative	عَفْصَتَيْنِ ʕafṣatayni	الْعَفْصَتَيْنِ al-ʕafṣatayni	عَفْصَتَيْ ʕafṣatay
Genitive	عَفْصَتَيْنِ ʕafṣatayni	الْعَفْصَتَيْنِ al-ʕafṣatayni	عَفْصَتَيْ ʕafṣatay
Paucal (3-10)	sound feminine paucal
	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	عَفْصَات ʕafṣāt	الْعَفْصَات al-ʕafṣāt	عَفْصَات ʕafṣāt
Nominative	عَفْصَاتٌ ʕafṣātun	الْعَفْصَاتُ al-ʕafṣātu	عَفْصَاتُ ʕafṣātu
Accusative	عَفْصَاتٍ ʕafṣātin	الْعَفْصَاتِ al-ʕafṣāti	عَفْصَاتِ ʕafṣāti
Genitive	عَفْصَاتٍ ʕafṣātin	الْعَفْصَاتِ al-ʕafṣāti	عَفْصَاتِ ʕafṣāti

Descendants

• → Tigre: አፈስ (ʾäfäs)

Verb

عَفَصَ • (ʕafaṣa) I (non-past يَعْفِصُ (yaʕfiṣu), verbal noun عَفْص (ʕafṣ))

1. to tie up, to wring, to squish
2. to defeat in battle
3. to rape, to sard forcefully

Conjugation

    Conjugation of عَفَصَ (I, sound, a ~ i, full passive (?), verbal noun عَفْص)

verbal noun الْمَصْدَر						عَفْص ʕafṣ
active participle اِسْم الْفَاعِل						عَافِص ʕāfiṣ
passive participle اِسْم الْمَفْعُول						مَعْفُوص maʕfūṣ
active voice الْفِعْل الْمَعْلُوم
		singular الْمُفْرَد				dual الْمُثَنَّى			plural الْجَمْع
		1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب		2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب		1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي	m	عَفَصْتُ ʕafaṣtu	عَفَصْتَ ʕafaṣta	عَفَصَ ʕafaṣa		عَفَصْتُمَا ʕafaṣtumā	عَفَصَا ʕafaṣā		عَفَصْنَا ʕafaṣnā	عَفَصْتُمْ ʕafaṣtum	عَفَصُوا ʕafaṣū
	f		عَفَصْتِ ʕafaṣti	عَفَصَتْ ʕafaṣat			عَفَصَتَا ʕafaṣatā			عَفَصْتُنَّ ʕafaṣtunna	عَفَصْنَ ʕafaṣna
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع	m	أَعْفِصُ ʔaʕfiṣu	تَعْفِصُ taʕfiṣu	يَعْفِصُ yaʕfiṣu		تَعْفِصَانِ taʕfiṣāni	يَعْفِصَانِ yaʕfiṣāni		نَعْفِصُ naʕfiṣu	تَعْفِصُونَ taʕfiṣūna	يَعْفِصُونَ yaʕfiṣūna
	f		تَعْفِصِينَ taʕfiṣīna	تَعْفِصُ taʕfiṣu			تَعْفِصَانِ taʕfiṣāni			تَعْفِصْنَ taʕfiṣna	يَعْفِصْنَ yaʕfiṣna
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب	m	أَعْفِصَ ʔaʕfiṣa	تَعْفِصَ taʕfiṣa	يَعْفِصَ yaʕfiṣa		تَعْفِصَا taʕfiṣā	يَعْفِصَا yaʕfiṣā		نَعْفِصَ naʕfiṣa	تَعْفِصُوا taʕfiṣū	يَعْفِصُوا yaʕfiṣū
	f		تَعْفِصِي taʕfiṣī	تَعْفِصَ taʕfiṣa			تَعْفِصَا taʕfiṣā			تَعْفِصْنَ taʕfiṣna	يَعْفِصْنَ yaʕfiṣna
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم	m	أَعْفِصْ ʔaʕfiṣ	تَعْفِصْ taʕfiṣ	يَعْفِصْ yaʕfiṣ		تَعْفِصَا taʕfiṣā	يَعْفِصَا yaʕfiṣā		نَعْفِصْ naʕfiṣ	تَعْفِصُوا taʕfiṣū	يَعْفِصُوا yaʕfiṣū
	f		تَعْفِصِي taʕfiṣī	تَعْفِصْ taʕfiṣ			تَعْفِصَا taʕfiṣā			تَعْفِصْنَ taʕfiṣna	يَعْفِصْنَ yaʕfiṣna
imperative الْأَمْر	m		اِعْفِصْ iʕfiṣ			اِعْفِصَا iʕfiṣā				اِعْفِصُوا iʕfiṣū
	f		اِعْفِصِي iʕfiṣī							اِعْفِصْنَ iʕfiṣna
passive voice الْفِعْل الْمَجْهُول
		singular الْمُفْرَد				dual الْمُثَنَّى			plural الْجَمْع
		1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب		2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب		1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي	m	عُفِصْتُ ʕufiṣtu	عُفِصْتَ ʕufiṣta	عُفِصَ ʕufiṣa		عُفِصْتُمَا ʕufiṣtumā	عُفِصَا ʕufiṣā		عُفِصْنَا ʕufiṣnā	عُفِصْتُمْ ʕufiṣtum	عُفِصُوا ʕufiṣū
	f		عُفِصْتِ ʕufiṣti	عُفِصَتْ ʕufiṣat			عُفِصَتَا ʕufiṣatā			عُفِصْتُنَّ ʕufiṣtunna	عُفِصْنَ ʕufiṣna
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع	m	أُعْفَصُ ʔuʕfaṣu	تُعْفَصُ tuʕfaṣu	يُعْفَصُ yuʕfaṣu		تُعْفَصَانِ tuʕfaṣāni	يُعْفَصَانِ yuʕfaṣāni		نُعْفَصُ nuʕfaṣu	تُعْفَصُونَ tuʕfaṣūna	يُعْفَصُونَ yuʕfaṣūna
	f		تُعْفَصِينَ tuʕfaṣīna	تُعْفَصُ tuʕfaṣu			تُعْفَصَانِ tuʕfaṣāni			تُعْفَصْنَ tuʕfaṣna	يُعْفَصْنَ yuʕfaṣna
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب	m	أُعْفَصَ ʔuʕfaṣa	تُعْفَصَ tuʕfaṣa	يُعْفَصَ yuʕfaṣa		تُعْفَصَا tuʕfaṣā	يُعْفَصَا yuʕfaṣā		نُعْفَصَ nuʕfaṣa	تُعْفَصُوا tuʕfaṣū	يُعْفَصُوا yuʕfaṣū
	f		تُعْفَصِي tuʕfaṣī	تُعْفَصَ tuʕfaṣa			تُعْفَصَا tuʕfaṣā			تُعْفَصْنَ tuʕfaṣna	يُعْفَصْنَ yuʕfaṣna
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم	m	أُعْفَصْ ʔuʕfaṣ	تُعْفَصْ tuʕfaṣ	يُعْفَصْ yuʕfaṣ		تُعْفَصَا tuʕfaṣā	يُعْفَصَا yuʕfaṣā		نُعْفَصْ nuʕfaṣ	تُعْفَصُوا tuʕfaṣū	يُعْفَصُوا yuʕfaṣū
	f		تُعْفَصِي tuʕfaṣī	تُعْفَصْ tuʕfaṣ			تُعْفَصَا tuʕfaṣā			تُعْفَصْنَ tuʕfaṣna	يُعْفَصْنَ yuʕfaṣna

Verb

عَفَّصَ • (ʕaffaṣa) II (non-past يُعَفِّصُ (yuʕaffiṣu), verbal noun تَعْفِيص (taʕfīṣ))

1. to tincture with oakgall

Conjugation

    Conjugation of عَفَّصَ (II, sound, full passive, verbal noun تَعْفِيص)

verbal noun الْمَصْدَر						تَعْفِيص taʕfīṣ
active participle اِسْم الْفَاعِل						مُعَفِّص muʕaffiṣ
passive participle اِسْم الْمَفْعُول						مُعَفَّص muʕaffaṣ
active voice الْفِعْل الْمَعْلُوم
		singular الْمُفْرَد				dual الْمُثَنَّى			plural الْجَمْع
		1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب		2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب		1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي	m	عَفَّصْتُ ʕaffaṣtu	عَفَّصْتَ ʕaffaṣta	عَفَّصَ ʕaffaṣa		عَفَّصْتُمَا ʕaffaṣtumā	عَفَّصَا ʕaffaṣā		عَفَّصْنَا ʕaffaṣnā	عَفَّصْتُمْ ʕaffaṣtum	عَفَّصُوا ʕaffaṣū
	f		عَفَّصْتِ ʕaffaṣti	عَفَّصَتْ ʕaffaṣat			عَفَّصَتَا ʕaffaṣatā			عَفَّصْتُنَّ ʕaffaṣtunna	عَفَّصْنَ ʕaffaṣna
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع	m	أُعَفِّصُ ʔuʕaffiṣu	تُعَفِّصُ tuʕaffiṣu	يُعَفِّصُ yuʕaffiṣu		تُعَفِّصَانِ tuʕaffiṣāni	يُعَفِّصَانِ yuʕaffiṣāni		نُعَفِّصُ nuʕaffiṣu	تُعَفِّصُونَ tuʕaffiṣūna	يُعَفِّصُونَ yuʕaffiṣūna
	f		تُعَفِّصِينَ tuʕaffiṣīna	تُعَفِّصُ tuʕaffiṣu			تُعَفِّصَانِ tuʕaffiṣāni			تُعَفِّصْنَ tuʕaffiṣna	يُعَفِّصْنَ yuʕaffiṣna
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب	m	أُعَفِّصَ ʔuʕaffiṣa	تُعَفِّصَ tuʕaffiṣa	يُعَفِّصَ yuʕaffiṣa		تُعَفِّصَا tuʕaffiṣā	يُعَفِّصَا yuʕaffiṣā		نُعَفِّصَ nuʕaffiṣa	تُعَفِّصُوا tuʕaffiṣū	يُعَفِّصُوا yuʕaffiṣū
	f		تُعَفِّصِي tuʕaffiṣī	تُعَفِّصَ tuʕaffiṣa			تُعَفِّصَا tuʕaffiṣā			تُعَفِّصْنَ tuʕaffiṣna	يُعَفِّصْنَ yuʕaffiṣna
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم	m	أُعَفِّصْ ʔuʕaffiṣ	تُعَفِّصْ tuʕaffiṣ	يُعَفِّصْ yuʕaffiṣ		تُعَفِّصَا tuʕaffiṣā	يُعَفِّصَا yuʕaffiṣā		نُعَفِّصْ nuʕaffiṣ	تُعَفِّصُوا tuʕaffiṣū	يُعَفِّصُوا yuʕaffiṣū
	f		تُعَفِّصِي tuʕaffiṣī	تُعَفِّصْ tuʕaffiṣ			تُعَفِّصَا tuʕaffiṣā			تُعَفِّصْنَ tuʕaffiṣna	يُعَفِّصْنَ yuʕaffiṣna
imperative الْأَمْر	m		عَفِّصْ ʕaffiṣ			عَفِّصَا ʕaffiṣā				عَفِّصُوا ʕaffiṣū
	f		عَفِّصِي ʕaffiṣī							عَفِّصْنَ ʕaffiṣna
passive voice الْفِعْل الْمَجْهُول
		singular الْمُفْرَد				dual الْمُثَنَّى			plural الْجَمْع
		1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب		2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب		1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي	m	عُفِّصْتُ ʕuffiṣtu	عُفِّصْتَ ʕuffiṣta	عُفِّصَ ʕuffiṣa		عُفِّصْتُمَا ʕuffiṣtumā	عُفِّصَا ʕuffiṣā		عُفِّصْنَا ʕuffiṣnā	عُفِّصْتُمْ ʕuffiṣtum	عُفِّصُوا ʕuffiṣū
	f		عُفِّصْتِ ʕuffiṣti	عُفِّصَتْ ʕuffiṣat			عُفِّصَتَا ʕuffiṣatā			عُفِّصْتُنَّ ʕuffiṣtunna	عُفِّصْنَ ʕuffiṣna
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع	m	أُعَفَّصُ ʔuʕaffaṣu	تُعَفَّصُ tuʕaffaṣu	يُعَفَّصُ yuʕaffaṣu		تُعَفَّصَانِ tuʕaffaṣāni	يُعَفَّصَانِ yuʕaffaṣāni		نُعَفَّصُ nuʕaffaṣu	تُعَفَّصُونَ tuʕaffaṣūna	يُعَفَّصُونَ yuʕaffaṣūna
	f		تُعَفَّصِينَ tuʕaffaṣīna	تُعَفَّصُ tuʕaffaṣu			تُعَفَّصَانِ tuʕaffaṣāni			تُعَفَّصْنَ tuʕaffaṣna	يُعَفَّصْنَ yuʕaffaṣna
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب	m	أُعَفَّصَ ʔuʕaffaṣa	تُعَفَّصَ tuʕaffaṣa	يُعَفَّصَ yuʕaffaṣa		تُعَفَّصَا tuʕaffaṣā	يُعَفَّصَا yuʕaffaṣā		نُعَفَّصَ nuʕaffaṣa	تُعَفَّصُوا tuʕaffaṣū	يُعَفَّصُوا yuʕaffaṣū
	f		تُعَفَّصِي tuʕaffaṣī	تُعَفَّصَ tuʕaffaṣa			تُعَفَّصَا tuʕaffaṣā			تُعَفَّصْنَ tuʕaffaṣna	يُعَفَّصْنَ yuʕaffaṣna
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم	m	أُعَفَّصْ ʔuʕaffaṣ	تُعَفَّصْ tuʕaffaṣ	يُعَفَّصْ yuʕaffaṣ		تُعَفَّصَا tuʕaffaṣā	يُعَفَّصَا yuʕaffaṣā		نُعَفَّصْ nuʕaffaṣ	تُعَفَّصُوا tuʕaffaṣū	يُعَفَّصُوا yuʕaffaṣū
	f		تُعَفَّصِي tuʕaffaṣī	تُعَفَّصْ tuʕaffaṣ			تُعَفَّصَا tuʕaffaṣā			تُعَفَّصْنَ tuʕaffaṣna	يُعَفَّصْنَ yuʕaffaṣna

Adjective

عَفِص • (ʕafiṣ)

1. acrid, of astringent taste

Declension

Declension of adjective عَفِص (ʕafiṣ)

Singular	Masculine		Feminine
	basic singular triptote		singular triptote in ـَة (-a)
	Indefinite	Definite	Indefinite	Definite
Informal	عَفِص ʕafiṣ	الْعَفِص al-ʕafiṣ	عَفِصَة ʕafiṣa	الْعَفِصَة al-ʕafiṣa
Nominative	عَفِصٌ ʕafiṣun	الْعَفِصُ al-ʕafiṣu	عَفِصَةٌ ʕafiṣatun	الْعَفِصَةُ al-ʕafiṣatu
Accusative	عَفِصًا ʕafiṣan	الْعَفِصَ al-ʕafiṣa	عَفِصَةً ʕafiṣatan	الْعَفِصَةَ al-ʕafiṣata
Genitive	عَفِصٍ ʕafiṣin	الْعَفِصِ al-ʕafiṣi	عَفِصَةٍ ʕafiṣatin	الْعَفِصَةِ al-ʕafiṣati
Dual	Masculine		Feminine
	Indefinite	Definite	Indefinite	Definite
Informal	عَفِصَيْن ʕafiṣayn	الْعَفِصَيْن al-ʕafiṣayn	عَفِصَتَيْن ʕafiṣatayn	الْعَفِصَتَيْن al-ʕafiṣatayn
Nominative	عَفِصَانِ ʕafiṣāni	الْعَفِصَانِ al-ʕafiṣāni	عَفِصَتَانِ ʕafiṣatāni	الْعَفِصَتَانِ al-ʕafiṣatāni
Accusative	عَفِصَيْنِ ʕafiṣayni	الْعَفِصَيْنِ al-ʕafiṣayni	عَفِصَتَيْنِ ʕafiṣatayni	الْعَفِصَتَيْنِ al-ʕafiṣatayni
Genitive	عَفِصَيْنِ ʕafiṣayni	الْعَفِصَيْنِ al-ʕafiṣayni	عَفِصَتَيْنِ ʕafiṣatayni	الْعَفِصَتَيْنِ al-ʕafiṣatayni
Plural	Masculine		Feminine
	plural unknown		sound feminine plural
	Indefinite	Definite	Indefinite	Definite
Informal	? ?	? ?	عَفِصَات ʕafiṣāt	الْعَفِصَات al-ʕafiṣāt
Nominative	? ?	? ?	عَفِصَاتٌ ʕafiṣātun	الْعَفِصَاتُ al-ʕafiṣātu
Accusative	? ?	? ?	عَفِصَاتٍ ʕafiṣātin	الْعَفِصَاتِ al-ʕafiṣāti
Genitive	? ?	? ?	عَفِصَاتٍ ʕafiṣātin	الْعَفِصَاتِ al-ʕafiṣāti

References

• Corriente, Federico, Pereira, Christophe, Vicente, Angeles, editors (2017), Dictionnaire du faisceau dialectal arabe andalou. Perspectives phraséologiques et étymologiques (in French), Berlin: De Gruyter, →ISBN, page 876
• Freytag, Georg (1835) “عفص”, in Lexicon arabico-latinum praesertim ex Djeuharii Firuzabadiique et aliorum Arabum operibus adhibitis Golii quoque et aliorum libris confectum‎^[1] (in Latin), volume 3, Halle: C. A. Schwetschke, pages 185a–b
• Kazimirski, Albin de Biberstein (1860) “عفص”, in Dictionnaire arabe-français contenant toutes les racines de la langue arabe, leurs dérivés, tant dans l’idiome vulgaire que dans l’idiome littéral, ainsi que les dialectes d’Alger et de Maroc‎^[2] (in French), volume 2, Paris: Maisonneuve et C^ie, pages 299b–300a
• Wehr, Hans (1979) “عفص”, in J. Milton Cowan, editor, A Dictionary of Modern Written Arabic, 4th edition, Ithaca, NY: Spoken Language Services, →ISBN, page 731a

Hijazi Arabic

Root
ع ف ص
1 term

Etymology

From Arabic عَفَصَ (ʕafaṣa, “to compress, to squeeze”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ʕaf.fasˤ/

Verb

عفص • (ʕaffaṣ) II (non-past يِعَفِّص (yiʕaffiṣ))

1. to squish, to squash

   Synonym: فَعَّص (faʕʕaṣ)

   ليش عَفَّصْتْ المخدّة؟

   lēš ʕaffaṣt almaḵadda?

   why did you squish the pillow?

Conjugation

Conjugation of عفص (ʕaffaṣ)
		singular				plural
		1st person	2nd person	3rd person		1st person	2nd person	3rd person
past	m	عفصت (ʕaffaṣt)	عفصت (ʕaffaṣt)	عفص (ʕaffaṣ)		عفصنا (ʕaffaṣna)	عفصتوا (ʕaffaṣtu)	عفصوا (ʕaffaṣu)
	f		عفصتي (ʕaffaṣti)	عفصت (ʕaffaṣat)
non-past	m	أعفص (ʔaʕaffiṣ)	تعفص (tiʕaffiṣ)	يعفص (yiʕaffiṣ)		نعفص (niʕaffiṣ)	تعفصوا (tiʕaffiṣu)	يعفصوا (yiʕaffiṣu)
	f		تعفصي (tiʕaffiṣi)	تعفص (tiʕaffiṣ)
imperative	m		عفص (ʕaffiṣ)				عفصوا (ʕaffiṣu)
	f		عفصي (ʕaffiṣi)

See also

• عَصَر (ʕaṣar, “to squeeze”)
• ضَغَط (ḍaḡaṭ, “to compress, to push”)