عفص
Arabic
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Borrowed into Arabic from Aramaic עַפְצָא (ʿap̄ṣā) / ܥܱܦܨܳܐ (ʿap̄ṣā), absolute state עֲפֶץ (ʿap̄eṣ), itself treated as a later variant of אַפְצָא (ʾap̄ṣā) / ܐܱܦܨܳܐ (ʾap̄ṣā), absolute state אֲפֶץ (ʾap̄eṣ). The Arabic verbs are denominal, from the use of the idea of oakgalls being a powerful astringent, used in medicine and tanning. Arabic عَصَفَ (ʕaṣafa, “to hit on; to blow violently”) is metathetical to this denominal verb with its ideas of violence and after the inflation of an oakgall. Distantly related to the root ع ص ر (ʕ-ṣ-r) which also exists in Aramaic.
Noun
[edit]عَفْص • (ʕafṣ) m (collective, singulative عَفْصَة f (ʕafṣa))
- gall-nut, oak-gall
- Coordinate term: تَاكُوت (tākūt)
- gall-oak (Quercus lusitanica and other species)
Declension
[edit]Collective | basic collective triptote | ||
---|---|---|---|
Indefinite | Definite | Construct | |
Informal | عَفْص ʕafṣ |
الْعَفْص al-ʕafṣ |
عَفْص ʕafṣ |
Nominative | عَفْصٌ ʕafṣun |
الْعَفْصُ al-ʕafṣu |
عَفْصُ ʕafṣu |
Accusative | عَفْصًا ʕafṣan |
الْعَفْصَ al-ʕafṣa |
عَفْصَ ʕafṣa |
Genitive | عَفْصٍ ʕafṣin |
الْعَفْصِ al-ʕafṣi |
عَفْصِ ʕafṣi |
Singulative | singulative triptote in ـَة (-a) | ||
Indefinite | Definite | Construct | |
Informal | عَفْصَة ʕafṣa |
الْعَفْصَة al-ʕafṣa |
عَفْصَة ʕafṣat |
Nominative | عَفْصَةٌ ʕafṣatun |
الْعَفْصَةُ al-ʕafṣatu |
عَفْصَةُ ʕafṣatu |
Accusative | عَفْصَةً ʕafṣatan |
الْعَفْصَةَ al-ʕafṣata |
عَفْصَةَ ʕafṣata |
Genitive | عَفْصَةٍ ʕafṣatin |
الْعَفْصَةِ al-ʕafṣati |
عَفْصَةِ ʕafṣati |
Dual | Indefinite | Definite | Construct |
Informal | عَفْصَتَيْن ʕafṣatayn |
الْعَفْصَتَيْن al-ʕafṣatayn |
عَفْصَتَيْ ʕafṣatay |
Nominative | عَفْصَتَانِ ʕafṣatāni |
الْعَفْصَتَانِ al-ʕafṣatāni |
عَفْصَتَا ʕafṣatā |
Accusative | عَفْصَتَيْنِ ʕafṣatayni |
الْعَفْصَتَيْنِ al-ʕafṣatayni |
عَفْصَتَيْ ʕafṣatay |
Genitive | عَفْصَتَيْنِ ʕafṣatayni |
الْعَفْصَتَيْنِ al-ʕafṣatayni |
عَفْصَتَيْ ʕafṣatay |
Paucal (3-10) | sound feminine paucal | ||
Indefinite | Definite | Construct | |
Informal | عَفْصَات ʕafṣāt |
الْعَفْصَات al-ʕafṣāt |
عَفْصَات ʕafṣāt |
Nominative | عَفْصَاتٌ ʕafṣātun |
الْعَفْصَاتُ al-ʕafṣātu |
عَفْصَاتُ ʕafṣātu |
Accusative | عَفْصَاتٍ ʕafṣātin |
الْعَفْصَاتِ al-ʕafṣāti |
عَفْصَاتِ ʕafṣāti |
Genitive | عَفْصَاتٍ ʕafṣātin |
الْعَفْصَاتِ al-ʕafṣāti |
عَفْصَاتِ ʕafṣāti |
Descendants
[edit]- → Tigre: አፈስ (ʾäfäs)
Verb
[edit]عَفَصَ • (ʕafaṣa) I, non-past يَعْفِصُ (yaʕfiṣu)
Conjugation
[edit]verbal noun الْمَصْدَر |
عَفْص ʕafṣ | |||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
active participle اِسْم الْفَاعِل |
ʕāfiṣ | |||||||||||
passive participle اِسْم الْمَفْعُول |
maʕfūṣ | |||||||||||
active voice الْفِعْل الْمَعْلُوم | ||||||||||||
singular الْمُفْرَد |
dual الْمُثَنَّى |
plural الْجَمْع | ||||||||||
1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب |
1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب | |||||
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي |
m | ʕafaṣtu |
ʕafaṣta |
عَفَصَ ʕafaṣa |
ʕafaṣtumā |
ʕafaṣā |
ʕafaṣnā |
ʕafaṣtum |
ʕafaṣū | |||
f | ʕafaṣti |
ʕafaṣat |
ʕafaṣatā |
ʕafaṣtunna |
ʕafaṣna | |||||||
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع |
m | ʔaʕfiṣu |
taʕfiṣu |
yaʕfiṣu |
taʕfiṣāni |
yaʕfiṣāni |
naʕfiṣu |
taʕfiṣūna |
yaʕfiṣūna | |||
f | taʕfiṣīna |
taʕfiṣu |
taʕfiṣāni |
taʕfiṣna |
yaʕfiṣna | |||||||
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب |
m | ʔaʕfiṣa |
taʕfiṣa |
yaʕfiṣa |
taʕfiṣā |
yaʕfiṣā |
naʕfiṣa |
taʕfiṣū |
yaʕfiṣū | |||
f | taʕfiṣī |
taʕfiṣa |
taʕfiṣā |
taʕfiṣna |
yaʕfiṣna | |||||||
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم |
m | ʔaʕfiṣ |
taʕfiṣ |
yaʕfiṣ |
taʕfiṣā |
yaʕfiṣā |
naʕfiṣ |
taʕfiṣū |
yaʕfiṣū | |||
f | taʕfiṣī |
taʕfiṣ |
taʕfiṣā |
taʕfiṣna |
yaʕfiṣna | |||||||
imperative الْأَمْر |
m | iʕfiṣ |
iʕfiṣā |
iʕfiṣū |
||||||||
f | iʕfiṣī |
iʕfiṣna | ||||||||||
passive voice الْفِعْل الْمَجْهُول | ||||||||||||
singular الْمُفْرَد |
dual الْمُثَنَّى |
plural الْجَمْع | ||||||||||
1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب |
1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب | |||||
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي |
m | ʕufiṣtu |
ʕufiṣta |
عُفِصَ ʕufiṣa |
ʕufiṣtumā |
ʕufiṣā |
ʕufiṣnā |
ʕufiṣtum |
ʕufiṣū | |||
f | ʕufiṣti |
ʕufiṣat |
ʕufiṣatā |
ʕufiṣtunna |
ʕufiṣna | |||||||
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع |
m | ʔuʕfaṣu |
tuʕfaṣu |
yuʕfaṣu |
tuʕfaṣāni |
yuʕfaṣāni |
nuʕfaṣu |
tuʕfaṣūna |
yuʕfaṣūna | |||
f | tuʕfaṣīna |
tuʕfaṣu |
tuʕfaṣāni |
tuʕfaṣna |
yuʕfaṣna | |||||||
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب |
m | ʔuʕfaṣa |
tuʕfaṣa |
yuʕfaṣa |
tuʕfaṣā |
yuʕfaṣā |
nuʕfaṣa |
tuʕfaṣū |
yuʕfaṣū | |||
f | tuʕfaṣī |
tuʕfaṣa |
tuʕfaṣā |
tuʕfaṣna |
yuʕfaṣna | |||||||
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم |
m | ʔuʕfaṣ |
tuʕfaṣ |
yuʕfaṣ |
tuʕfaṣā |
yuʕfaṣā |
nuʕfaṣ |
tuʕfaṣū |
yuʕfaṣū | |||
f | tuʕfaṣī |
tuʕfaṣ |
tuʕfaṣā |
tuʕfaṣna |
yuʕfaṣna |
Verb
[edit]عَفَّصَ • (ʕaffaṣa) II, non-past يُعَفِّصُ (yuʕaffiṣu)
- to tincture with oakgall
Conjugation
[edit]verbal noun الْمَصْدَر |
taʕfīṣ | |||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
active participle اِسْم الْفَاعِل |
muʕaffiṣ | |||||||||||
passive participle اِسْم الْمَفْعُول |
muʕaffaṣ | |||||||||||
active voice الْفِعْل الْمَعْلُوم | ||||||||||||
singular الْمُفْرَد |
dual الْمُثَنَّى |
plural الْجَمْع | ||||||||||
1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب |
1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب | |||||
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي |
m | ʕaffaṣtu |
ʕaffaṣta |
عَفَّصَ ʕaffaṣa |
ʕaffaṣtumā |
ʕaffaṣā |
ʕaffaṣnā |
ʕaffaṣtum |
ʕaffaṣū | |||
f | ʕaffaṣti |
ʕaffaṣat |
ʕaffaṣatā |
ʕaffaṣtunna |
ʕaffaṣna | |||||||
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع |
m | ʔuʕaffiṣu |
tuʕaffiṣu |
yuʕaffiṣu |
tuʕaffiṣāni |
yuʕaffiṣāni |
nuʕaffiṣu |
tuʕaffiṣūna |
yuʕaffiṣūna | |||
f | tuʕaffiṣīna |
tuʕaffiṣu |
tuʕaffiṣāni |
tuʕaffiṣna |
yuʕaffiṣna | |||||||
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب |
m | ʔuʕaffiṣa |
tuʕaffiṣa |
yuʕaffiṣa |
tuʕaffiṣā |
yuʕaffiṣā |
nuʕaffiṣa |
tuʕaffiṣū |
yuʕaffiṣū | |||
f | tuʕaffiṣī |
tuʕaffiṣa |
tuʕaffiṣā |
tuʕaffiṣna |
yuʕaffiṣna | |||||||
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم |
m | ʔuʕaffiṣ |
tuʕaffiṣ |
yuʕaffiṣ |
tuʕaffiṣā |
yuʕaffiṣā |
nuʕaffiṣ |
tuʕaffiṣū |
yuʕaffiṣū | |||
f | tuʕaffiṣī |
tuʕaffiṣ |
tuʕaffiṣā |
tuʕaffiṣna |
yuʕaffiṣna | |||||||
imperative الْأَمْر |
m | عَفِّصْ ʕaffiṣ |
ʕaffiṣā |
ʕaffiṣū |
||||||||
f | ʕaffiṣī |
ʕaffiṣna | ||||||||||
passive voice الْفِعْل الْمَجْهُول | ||||||||||||
singular الْمُفْرَد |
dual الْمُثَنَّى |
plural الْجَمْع | ||||||||||
1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب |
1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب | |||||
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي |
m | ʕuffiṣtu |
ʕuffiṣta |
عُفِّصَ ʕuffiṣa |
ʕuffiṣtumā |
ʕuffiṣā |
ʕuffiṣnā |
ʕuffiṣtum |
ʕuffiṣū | |||
f | ʕuffiṣti |
ʕuffiṣat |
ʕuffiṣatā |
ʕuffiṣtunna |
ʕuffiṣna | |||||||
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع |
m | ʔuʕaffaṣu |
tuʕaffaṣu |
yuʕaffaṣu |
tuʕaffaṣāni |
yuʕaffaṣāni |
nuʕaffaṣu |
tuʕaffaṣūna |
yuʕaffaṣūna | |||
f | tuʕaffaṣīna |
tuʕaffaṣu |
tuʕaffaṣāni |
tuʕaffaṣna |
yuʕaffaṣna | |||||||
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب |
m | ʔuʕaffaṣa |
tuʕaffaṣa |
yuʕaffaṣa |
tuʕaffaṣā |
yuʕaffaṣā |
nuʕaffaṣa |
tuʕaffaṣū |
yuʕaffaṣū | |||
f | tuʕaffaṣī |
tuʕaffaṣa |
tuʕaffaṣā |
tuʕaffaṣna |
yuʕaffaṣna | |||||||
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم |
m | ʔuʕaffaṣ |
tuʕaffaṣ |
yuʕaffaṣ |
tuʕaffaṣā |
yuʕaffaṣā |
nuʕaffaṣ |
tuʕaffaṣū |
yuʕaffaṣū | |||
f | tuʕaffaṣī |
tuʕaffaṣ |
tuʕaffaṣā |
tuʕaffaṣna |
yuʕaffaṣna |
Adjective
[edit]عَفِص • (ʕafiṣ)
- acrid, of astringent taste
Declension
[edit]Singular | Masculine | Feminine | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
basic singular triptote | singular triptote in ـَة (-a) | |||
Indefinite | Definite | Indefinite | Definite | |
Informal | عَفِص ʕafiṣ |
الْعَفِص al-ʕafiṣ |
عَفِصَة ʕafiṣa |
الْعَفِصَة al-ʕafiṣa |
Nominative | عَفِصٌ ʕafiṣun |
الْعَفِصُ al-ʕafiṣu |
عَفِصَةٌ ʕafiṣatun |
الْعَفِصَةُ al-ʕafiṣatu |
Accusative | عَفِصًا ʕafiṣan |
الْعَفِصَ al-ʕafiṣa |
عَفِصَةً ʕafiṣatan |
الْعَفِصَةَ al-ʕafiṣata |
Genitive | عَفِصٍ ʕafiṣin |
الْعَفِصِ al-ʕafiṣi |
عَفِصَةٍ ʕafiṣatin |
الْعَفِصَةِ al-ʕafiṣati |
Dual | Masculine | Feminine | ||
Indefinite | Definite | Indefinite | Definite | |
Informal | عَفِصَيْن ʕafiṣayn |
الْعَفِصَيْن al-ʕafiṣayn |
عَفِصَتَيْن ʕafiṣatayn |
الْعَفِصَتَيْن al-ʕafiṣatayn |
Nominative | عَفِصَانِ ʕafiṣāni |
الْعَفِصَانِ al-ʕafiṣāni |
عَفِصَتَانِ ʕafiṣatāni |
الْعَفِصَتَانِ al-ʕafiṣatāni |
Accusative | عَفِصَيْنِ ʕafiṣayni |
الْعَفِصَيْنِ al-ʕafiṣayni |
عَفِصَتَيْنِ ʕafiṣatayni |
الْعَفِصَتَيْنِ al-ʕafiṣatayni |
Genitive | عَفِصَيْنِ ʕafiṣayni |
الْعَفِصَيْنِ al-ʕafiṣayni |
عَفِصَتَيْنِ ʕafiṣatayni |
الْعَفِصَتَيْنِ al-ʕafiṣatayni |
Plural | Masculine | Feminine | ||
plural unknown | sound feminine plural | |||
Indefinite | Definite | Indefinite | Definite | |
Informal | ? ? |
? ? |
عَفِصَات ʕafiṣāt |
الْعَفِصَات al-ʕafiṣāt |
Nominative | ? ? |
? ? |
عَفِصَاتٌ ʕafiṣātun |
الْعَفِصَاتُ al-ʕafiṣātu |
Accusative | ? ? |
? ? |
عَفِصَاتٍ ʕafiṣātin |
الْعَفِصَاتِ al-ʕafiṣāti |
Genitive | ? ? |
? ? |
عَفِصَاتٍ ʕafiṣātin |
الْعَفِصَاتِ al-ʕafiṣāti |
References
[edit]- Corriente, Federico, Pereira, Christophe, Vicente, Angeles, editors (2017), Dictionnaire du faisceau dialectal arabe andalou. Perspectives phraséologiques et étymologiques (in French), Berlin: De Gruyter, →ISBN, page 876
- Freytag, Georg (1835) “عفص”, in Lexicon arabico-latinum praesertim ex Djeuharii Firuzabadiique et aliorum Arabum operibus adhibitis Golii quoque et aliorum libris confectum[1] (in Latin), volume 3, Halle: C. A. Schwetschke, pages 185a–b
- Kazimirski, Albin de Biberstein (1860) “عفص”, in Dictionnaire arabe-français contenant toutes les racines de la langue arabe, leurs dérivés, tant dans l’idiome vulgaire que dans l’idiome littéral, ainsi que les dialectes d’Alger et de Maroc[2] (in French), volume 2, Paris: Maisonneuve et Cie, pages 299b–300a
- Wehr, Hans (1979) “عفص”, in J. Milton Cowan, editor, A Dictionary of Modern Written Arabic, 4th edition, Ithaca, NY: Spoken Language Services, →ISBN, page 731a
Hijazi Arabic
[edit]Root |
---|
ع ف ص |
1 term |
Etymology
[edit]From Arabic عَفَصَ (ʕafaṣa, “to compress, to squeeze”).
Pronunciation
[edit]Verb
[edit]عفص • (ʕaffaṣ) II (non-past يِعَفِّص (yiʕaffiṣ))
- to squish, to squash
- Synonym: فَعَّص (faʕʕaṣ)
- ليش عَفَّصْتْ المخدّة؟
- lēš ʕaffaṣt almaḵadda?
- why did you squish the pillow?
Conjugation
[edit]Conjugation of عفص (ʕaffaṣ) | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
singular | plural | |||||||
1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | |||
past | m | عفصت (ʕaffaṣt) | عفصت (ʕaffaṣt) | عفص (ʕaffaṣ) | عفصنا (ʕaffaṣna) | عفصتوا (ʕaffaṣtu) | عفصوا (ʕaffaṣu) | |
f | عفصتي (ʕaffaṣti) | عفصت (ʕaffaṣat) | ||||||
non-past | m | أعفص (ʔaʕaffiṣ) | تعفص (tiʕaffiṣ) | يعفص (yiʕaffiṣ) | نعفص (niʕaffiṣ) | تعفصوا (tiʕaffiṣu) | يعفصوا (yiʕaffiṣu) | |
f | تعفصي (tiʕaffiṣi) | تعفص (tiʕaffiṣ) | ||||||
imperative | m | عفص (ʕaffiṣ) | عفصوا (ʕaffiṣu) | |||||
f | عفصي (ʕaffiṣi) |
See also
[edit]- Arabic terms borrowed from Aramaic
- Arabic terms derived from Aramaic
- Arabic lemmas
- Arabic nouns
- Arabic collective nouns
- Arabic masculine nouns
- ar:Oaks
- Arabic nouns with basic triptote collective
- Arabic nouns with triptote singulative in -a
- Arabic nouns with sound feminine paucal
- Arabic verbs
- Arabic form-I verbs
- Arabic sound verbs by conjugation
- Arabic sound form-I verbs
- Arabic sound verbs
- Arabic verbs with full passive
- Arabic transitive verbs
- Arabic form-II verbs
- Arabic sound form-II verbs
- Arabic adjectives
- Arabic adjectives with basic triptote singular
- Arabic adjectives with triptote singular in -a
- Arabic adjectives with unknown plural
- Arabic adjectives with sound feminine plural
- Hijazi Arabic terms belonging to the root ع ف ص
- Hijazi Arabic terms inherited from Arabic
- Hijazi Arabic terms derived from Arabic
- Hijazi Arabic terms with IPA pronunciation
- Hijazi Arabic lemmas
- Hijazi Arabic verbs
- Hijazi Arabic form-II verbs
- Hijazi Arabic terms with usage examples
- Hijazi Arabic sound form-II verbs
- Hijazi Arabic sound verbs