زقوم

Arabic

زَقُّوم – Balanites aegyptiacus

زَقُّوم – Euphorbia neriifolia

Etymology

From the root ز ق م (z q m) related to gulping.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /zaq.quːm/
• Rhymes: -uːm

Noun

زَقُّوم • (zaqqūm) m

1. (Islam) Zaqqum (tree growing in Hell)
   • 609–632 CE, Qur'an, 56:52:

     لَآكِلُونَ مِن شَجَرٍ مِّن زَقُّومٍ

     laʔākilūna min šajarin min zaqqūmin

     will certainly eat from ˹the fruit of˺ the trees of Zaqqûm.

2. Egyptian balsam (Balanites aegyptiacus fruit and tree)

   Hypernym: هِجْلِيج (hijlīj)

   • 2019 June 24, مشاري الذايدي, “باتجاه سقوط محور تركيا وإيران وقطر”, in Aš-šarq al-ʾawsaṭ‎^[1]:

     المعسكر الذي تقبع به سلطات قطر وتركيا وإيران في النازل لا الطالع، تحصد الزقوم وتتجرع العلقم وتضرس الحصرم على أسنان نخرة.

     The camp in which the powers of Qaṭar, Turkey, and Iran trumpet is descending, not ascending; they reap the Egyptian balsam, gorge the colocynth, and chomp on sour grapes high-nosed.

3. spurge (Euphorbia spp., including Euphorbia neriifolia, Euphorbia resinifera, Euphorbia abyssinica)

Declension

Declension of noun زَقُّوم (zaqqūm)

Singular	basic singular triptote
	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	زَقُّوم zaqqūm	الزَّقُّوم az-zaqqūm	زَقُّوم zaqqūm
Nominative	زَقُّومٌ zaqqūmun	الزَّقُّومُ az-zaqqūmu	زَقُّومُ zaqqūmu
Accusative	زَقُّومًا zaqqūman	الزَّقُّومَ az-zaqqūma	زَقُّومَ zaqqūma
Genitive	زَقُّومٍ zaqqūmin	الزَّقُّومِ az-zaqqūmi	زَقُّومِ zaqqūmi

Descendants

• → Armenian: զխկում (zxkum)
• → Azerbaijani: zəqqum
• → English: zachun
• → Hebrew: זַקּוּם (zaqqūm)
• → Kazakh: зақым (zaqym)
• → Ottoman Turkish: زقوم (zakkum, zikkum, zıkkum)
  • Turkish: zakkum
  • → Bulgarian: зоку́м (zokúm), заку́м (zakúm)
  • → Macedonian: зокум (zokum)

References

• Dozy, Reinhart Pieter Anne (1881) “زقوم”, in Supplément aux dictionnaires arabes‎^[2] (in French), volume 1, Leiden: E. J. Brill, page 596b
• Freytag, Georg (1833) “زقوم”, in Lexicon arabico-latinum praesertim ex Djeuharii Firuzabadiique et aliorum Arabum operibus adhibitis Golii quoque et aliorum libris confectum‎^[3] (in Latin), volume 2, Halle: C. A. Schwetschke, page 244b
• Kazimirski, Albin de Biberstein (1860) “زقوم”, in Dictionnaire arabe-français contenant toutes les racines de la langue arabe, leurs dérivés, tant dans l’idiome vulgaire que dans l’idiome littéral, ainsi que les dialectes d’Alger et de Maroc‎^[4] (in French), volume 1, Paris: Maisonneuve et C^ie, page 999b
• Lane, Edward William (1863) “زقوم”, in Arabic-English Lexicon‎^[5], London: Williams & Norgate, page 1239a

Gulf Arabic

Etymology

From Arabic زَقُّوم (zaqqūm).

Pronunciation

• (Kuwait) IPA^(key): /zəqːuːm/
• Rhymes: -um

Interjection

زقوم • (zaqqūm)

1. (slang) expression of, disgust, annoyance, anger, dismay

Ottoman Turkish

زَقُّوم – Nerium oleander

Etymology

From Arabic زَقُّوم (zaqqūm).

Noun

زقوم • (zakkum, zikkum, zıkkum)

1. oleander (Nerium oleander)

   Synonym: آغو آغاجی (ağu ağacı)

Descendants

• Turkish: zakkum
• → Bulgarian: зоку́м (zokúm), заку́м (zakúm)
• → Macedonian: зокум (zokum)

Noun

زقوم • (zıkkım)

1. poison

   Synonyms: زهر (zehr), آغو (ağu)

2. vex, bitter pill, a nuisant thing or behaviour or person

   Synonyms: الم (elem), بلا (belâ), علت (ʼillet)

Descendants

• Turkish: zıkkım

References

• Kélékian, Diran (1911) “زقوم”, in Dictionnaire turc-français‎^[6], Constantinople: Mihran, page 645a

Persian

Etymology

Borrowed from Arabic زَقُّوم (zaqqūm).

Pronunciation

• (Classical Persian) IPA^(key): [zaq.ˈquːm]

 

• (Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [zäq.qúːm]

• (Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [zäq.qúːm]
  • (Kabuli) IPA^(key): [zäq.qúːm]
  • (Hazaragi) IPA^(key): [zäq.qúm]

• (Iran, formal) IPA^(key): [zæʁ.ɢúːm]

• (Tajik, formal) IPA^(key): [zäq.qúm]

Readings
Classical reading?	zaqqūm
Dari reading?	zaqqūm
Iranian reading?	zağğum
Tajik reading?	zaqqum

Noun

زقوم • (zaqqum)

1. (Islam) Zaqqum (tree growing in Hell)
2. (figurative) Metaphor for anything bitter.

Further reading

• Hayyim, Sulayman (1934) “زقوم”, in New Persian–English dictionary, Teheran: Librairie-imprimerie Béroukhim