خرطال

Arabic

خَرْطَال

Alternative forms

• خَرْطَل (ḵarṭal)

Etymology

From the root ق ر ط ل (q-r-ṭ-l) meaning “a packsaddle”, “a basket or bag intended for provisions”, from Aramaic קרטל (qarṭāl, “basket”) (Christian spelling ܩܪܛܠܐ), which could be:

• from Hittite 𒄑𒆳𒋫𒀀𒀠 (kurtal-, kartal-)
• borrowed from Ancient Greek κάρταλος (kártalos), κάρταλλος (kártallos) which is
  • either from Ancient Greek κυρτία (kurtía, “anything made of wicker”); for more see Proto-Indo-European *kert-, found in Sanskrit कृणत्ति (kṛṇátti, “to twist thread, to spin”), Sanskrit चृटति (cṛṭáti, “to bind, to fasten together”), Latin crātis (“wattle fence, corral”), English hurdle.
  • or borrowed from Aramaic, from Hittite, in which case the Aramaic is not from Ancient Greek
• derived from Middle Persian glyw' (grīw, “a measure of grain, a peck”) + -dʾl (dār, “holder, keeper, container of”).

This must also be the name for “more than one of the highly succulent salt marsh chenopods that are considered poor grazing for camels” like Bienertia cycloptera and Suaeda aegyptiaca Mandaville records from various Najdi tribes as هَرْطَلَّس (harṭallas), هَطَلَّس (hatạllas), هَرْطَبِيل (harṭabīl), هُرْطُمَان (hurṭumān), طَرْطَيع (ṭartēʕ), هَطْلَس (haṭlas) but curiously describes as seemingly involving a quinqueliteral root.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /xar.tˤaːl/

Noun

خَرْطَال • (ḵarṭāl) m

1. oat (Avena gen. et spp.)

   Synonym: شُوفَان (šūfān)

Declension

Declension of noun خَرْطَال (ḵarṭāl)

Singular	basic singular triptote
	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	خَرْطَال ḵarṭāl	الْخَرْطَال al-ḵarṭāl	خَرْطَال ḵarṭāl
Nominative	خَرْطَالٌ ḵarṭālun	الْخَرْطَالُ al-ḵarṭālu	خَرْطَالُ ḵarṭālu
Accusative	خَرْطَالًا ḵarṭālan	الْخَرْطَالَ al-ḵarṭāla	خَرْطَالَ ḵarṭāla
Genitive	خَرْطَالٍ ḵarṭālin	الْخَرْطَالِ al-ḵarṭāli	خَرْطَالِ ḵarṭāli

Further reading

• خرطال on the Arabic Wikipedia.Wikipedia ^ar
• “خرطال” in Almaany
• Löw, Immanuel (1924) Die Flora der Juden‎^[1] (in German), volume 2, Wien und Leipzig: R. Löwit, pages 437–442
• Mandaville, James Paul (2011) Bedouin Ethnobotany. Plant Concepts and Uses in a Desert Pastoral World, Tuscon: University of Arizona Press, →ISBN, pages 209, 254–255
• Rabin, Chaim (1963) “Hittite Words in Hebrew”, in Orientalia, volume 32, number 2, →DOI, pages 126–128
• Steingass, Francis Joseph (1884) “خرطال”, in The Student's Arabic–English Dictionary‎^[2], London: W.H. Allen, page 320
• Wehr, Hans with Kropfitsch, Lorenz (1985) “خرطال”, in Arabisches Wörterbuch für die Schriftsprache der Gegenwart‎^[3] (in German), 5th edition, Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz, published 2011, →ISBN, page 330

Moroccan Arabic

Etymology

From Arabic خَرْطَال (ḵarṭāl).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /xar.tˤaːl/

Noun

خرطال • (ḵarṭāl) m

1. oat