خراسان

Ottoman Turkish

خراسان

Etymology

Borrowed from Persian خراسان (xorâsân), from Classical Persian خوراسان (xwarāsān), ultimately from Middle Persian hwlʾsʾn' (xwarāsān, literally “sunrise; east”).

Proper noun

خراسان • (horasan)

1. Khorasan, the name for the region of Parthia located in the north-east of Iran

Descendants

• Turkish: Horasan

Noun

خراسان • (horasan) (definite accusative خراسانی (horasanı), plural خراسانلر (horasanlar))

1. sifted brickdust used instead of sand for the preparation of lime mortar, together with lime, water and eggs

Derived terms

• خراسان تخمی (horasan tohumu, “wormseed”)
• خراسان چیچكی (horasan çiçeği, “santonica”)
• خراسانجی (horasancı, “maker or seller of brickdust”)
• خراسانی (horasanî, “pertaining to Khorasan”)
• قره خراسان (kara horasan, “Damascus steel”)

 

Descendants

• Turkish: horasan
• → Albanian: horasan
• → Armenian: խորասան (xorasan)

Further reading

• Çağbayır, Yaşar (2007) “horasan”, in Ötüken Türkçe Sözlük (in Turkish), volume 1, Istanbul: Ötüken Neşriyat, page 1984
• Hindoglu, Artin (1838) “خراسان”, in Hazine-i lûgat ou dictionnaire abrégé turc-français‎^[1], Vienna: F. Beck, page 207a
• Kélékian, Diran (1911) “خراسان”, in Dictionnaire turc-français‎^[2], Constantinople: Mihran, page 534
• Meninski, Franciszek à Mesgnien (1687) “Chorasana”, in Complementum thesauri linguarum orientalium, seu onomasticum latino-turcico-arabico-persicum, simul idem index verborum lexici turcico-arabico-persici, quod latinâ, germanicâ, aliarumque linguarum adjectâ nomenclatione nuper in lucem editum‎^[3], Vienna, column 177
• Meninski, Franciszek à Mesgnien (1680) “خراسان”, in Thesaurus linguarum orientalium, Turcicae, Arabicae, Persicae, praecipuas earum opes à Turcis peculiariter usurpatas continens, nimirum Lexicon Turkico-Arabico-Persicum‎^[4], Vienna, column 1873
• Redhouse, James W. (1890) “خراسان”, in A Turkish and English Lexicon‎^[5], Constantinople: A. H. Boyajian, page 836
• Sezen, Tahir (2017) “Horasan”, in Osmanlı Yer Adları [Ottoman Place Names]‎^[6], 2nd edition, Ankara: T.C. Başbakanlık Devlet Arşivleri Genel Müdürlüğü, page 355

Persian

Alternative forms

• خوراسان (xwarāsān)
• خورآسان (xwar-āsān)

Etymology

From earlier خوراسان (xwarāsān), from Middle Persian hwlʾsʾn' (xwarāsān, literally “sunrise; east”). Equivalent to خور (xwar, “sun”) + آسان (âsân, “coming”). آسان (âsân) is the Parthian conjugation of a verb meaning “to come, to rise”. For the first part, compare خورشید (xoršid), for the second part compare Baluchi آسگ (ásag, “to rise”).

Pronunciation

• (Classical Persian) IPA^(key): [xʷa.ɾɑː.ˈsɑːn]

 

• (Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [xʊ.ɾɑː.sɑ́ːn]

• (Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [xʊ.ɾɑː.sɑ́ːn]
  • (Kabuli) IPA^(key): [xʊ.ɾɑː.sɑ́ːn]
  • (Hazaragi) IPA^(key): [xu.ɾɔː.sɔ́ːn]

• (Iran, formal) IPA^(key): [xo.ɹɒː.sɒ́ːn]

• (Tajik, formal) IPA^(key): [χu.ɾɔ.sɔ́n]

Readings
Classical reading?	xwarāsān
Dari reading?	xurāsān
Iranian reading?	xorâsân
Tajik reading?	xuroson

Proper noun

Dari	خراسان
Iranian Persian
Tajik	Хуросон

خراسان • (xorâsân)

1. (historical) Khorasan (The Sassanian and post-Islamic Persian name for the region of Parthia located in north east of Persia (Iran), sometimes covering also parts of Central Asia and Afghanistan; the Greater Khorasan.)
   • 11th century, Fakhruddin As'ad Gurgani, Vis and Rāmin

     زبان پهلوی هر کو شناسد
     خراسان یعنی آنجا کو خور آسد
     خراسان را بود معنی خور آیان
     کجا از وی خور آید سوی ایران

     zabân-i pahlavî har kû šinâsad
     "xorâsân" ya'nî "ânjâ kû xwar âsad"
     "xorâsân" râ buvad ma'nî "xwar âyân ...
     ... kujâ az vay xwar âyad sôy-i êrân

     Anyone who knows the Parthian language
     [knows that] "Khurasan" means "[the place] from which the sun comes"
     “Khorasan” means the coming sun ...
     ... from where the sun comes toward Persia

2. Khorasan (a former province of Iran, which subsequently divided into the South Khorasan, North Khorasan, and Razavi Khorasan provinces)

Derived terms

• خراسانی (xorâsâni)
• خراسان جنوبی (xorâsân-e jonubi)
• خراسان شمالی (xorâsân-e šomâli)
• خراسان رضوی (xorâsân-e razavi)

Descendants

• → Greek: κουρασάνι (kourasáni, “Khorasani style lime mortar”)

References

• Dehkhoda, Ali-Akbar (1931–) “خوراسان”, in Dehkhoda Dictionary Institute, editors, Dehkhoda Dictionary (in Persian), Tehran: University of Tehran Press
• MacKenzie, D. N. (1971) “xwarāsān”, in A concise Pahlavi dictionary, London, New York, Toronto: Oxford University Press, page 95
• Horn, Paul (1893) Grundriss der neupersischen Etymologie (in German), Strasbourg: K.J. Trübner, page 7