ح ن ك

Arabic

Etymology

Cognate to Amharic / Tigre / Ge'ez ሐ-ነ-ከ (ḥ-n-k), Tigrinya / Harari / Ge'ez ሐ-የ-ከ (ḥ-y-k, “related to mastication”) and Hebrew ח־נ־ך (kh-n-k) as in חינוך (khinukh, “education”), possibly also related to the more widespread root ع ن ق (ʕ-n-q). The semantical development seems to have originated from the mouth organ sense, from this forming a sense of training because of a horse being trained by its being pulled or at the palate respectively force being applied to this place, and this “becoming disciplined” sense then applied to humans even mentally with the idea of having “gained wit”.

Root

ح ن ك • (ḥ-n-k)

1. related to the jaw; palate
2. related to the being trained, experienced or wise

Derived terms

• Form I: حَنَكَ (ḥanaka, “to put to the palate; to attain experience, to become trained, to gain discipline; to comprehend, to conceive”)
  • Verbal noun: حَنْك (ḥank)
  • Active participle: حَانِك (ḥānik)
  • Passive participle: مَحْنُوك (maḥnūk)
• Form II: حَنَّكَ (ḥannaka, “to attain or make attaim experience, to become or make trained, to gain or make gain discipline; to rub the palate; to bind about or draw from the jaw”)
  • Verbal noun: تَحْنِيك (taḥnīk)
  • Active participle: مُحَنِّك (muḥannik)
  • Passive participle: مُحَنَّك (muḥannak)
• Form IV: أَحْنَكَ (ʔaḥnaka, “to attain experience, to become trained, to gain discipline; to bind a chinstrap around”)
  • Verbal noun: إِحْنَاك (ʔiḥnāk)
  • Active participle: مُحْنِك (muḥnik)
• Form V: تَحَنَّكَ (taḥannaka, “to put the headdress under the palate, i. e. the chin”)
  • Verbal noun: تَحَنُّك (taḥannuk)
  • Active participle: مُتَحَنِّك (mutaḥannik)
• Form VIII: اِحْتَنَكَ (iḥtanaka, “to consume, to eat away; to become wise, to become firm in judgment; to render wise, to make firm in judgment”)
  • Verbal noun: اِحْتِنَاك (iḥtināk)
  • Active participle: مُحْتَنِك (muḥtanik)
  • Passive participle: مُحْتَنَك (muḥtanak)
• Form X: اِسْتَحْنَكَ (istaḥnaka, “to eat vehemently”)
  • Verbal noun: اِسْتِحْنَاك (istiḥnāk)
  • Active participle: مُسْتَحْنِك (mustaḥnik)
  • Passive participle: مُسْتَحْنَك (mustaḥnak)

• حَنَك (ḥanak, “jaw; palate”)
• حُنْك (ḥunk) and حُنْكَة (ḥunka, “prudence, wisdom”)
• حَنِيك (ḥanīk, “wise, firm in judgment”)
• أَحْنَك (ʔaḥnak, “voracious”)
• مِحْنَك (miḥnak, “habena”)

References

• Dozy, Reinhart Pieter Anne (1881) “ح ن ك”, in Supplément aux dictionnaires arabes‎^[1] (in French), volume 1, Leiden: E. J. Brill, page 332
• Freytag, Georg (1830) “ح ن ك”, in Lexicon arabico-latinum praesertim ex Djeuharii Firuzabadiique et aliorum Arabum operibus adhibitis Golii quoque et aliorum libris confectum‎^[2] (in Latin), volume 1, Halle: C. A. Schwetschke, pages 436–437
• Kazimirski, Albin de Biberstein (1860) “ح ن ك”, in Dictionnaire arabe-français contenant toutes les racines de la langue arabe, leurs dérivés, tant dans l’idiome vulgaire que dans l’idiome littéral, ainsi que les dialectes d’Alger et de Maroc‎^[3] (in French), volume 1, Paris: Maisonneuve et C^ie, pages 505–506
• Lane, Edward William (1863) “ح ن ك”, in Arabic-English Lexicon‎^[4], London: Williams & Norgate, pages 659–660
• Leslau, Wolf (1991) Comparative Dictionary of Geʿez (Classical Ethiopic), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz, →ISBN, pages 237, 251
• Militarev, Alexander, Kogan, Leonid (2000–2005) Semitic Etymological Dictionary, Münster: Ugarit-Verlag, pages 16–18
• Steingass, Francis Joseph (1884) “ح ن ك”, in The Student's Arabic–English Dictionary‎^[5], London: W.H. Allen, page 301
• Wehr, Hans (1979) “ح ن ك”, in J. Milton Cowan, editor, A Dictionary of Modern Written Arabic, 4th edition, Ithaca, NY: Spoken Language Services, →ISBN, page 245
• Wehr, Hans with Kropfitsch, Lorenz (1985) “ح ن ك”, in Arabisches Wörterbuch für die Schriftsprache der Gegenwart‎^[6] (in German), 5th edition, Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz, published 2011, →ISBN, page 300