حیله

See also: حيلة

Ottoman Turkish

Etymology

Borrowed from Arabic حِيلَة (ḥīla, “trick, artifice, ruse”).

Noun

حیله • (hile) (definite accusative حیله‌یی (hileyi), plural حیل (hiyâl))

1. artifice, ruse, stratagem, ploy, device, any tactic designed to gain the upper hand, especially one involving deception

Derived terms

• حیله ایتمك (hile etmek, “to have recourse to artifice”)
• حیله شرعیه (hile-i şerʼiye, “canonical device”)
• حیله قورمق (hile kurmak, “to use an artifice”)
• حیله‌باز (hilebâz, “trickster”)
• حیله‌سز (hilesiz, “genuine, guileless”)
• حیله‌كار (hilekâr, “trickster”)

 

Descendants

• Turkish: hile
• → Albanian: hile
• → Armenian: հիլլէ (hillē), հիլա̈ (hilä)

Further reading

• Barbier de Meynard, Charles (1881) “حیله”, in Dictionnaire turc-français, volume I, Paris: E. Leroux, page 675
• Çağbayır, Yaşar (2007) “hile”, in Ötüken Türkçe Sözlük (in Turkish), volume 1, Istanbul: Ötüken Neşriyat, page 1965
• Devellioğlu, Ferit (1962) “hîle”, in Osmanlıca-Türkçe Ansiklopedik Lûgat‎‎^[1] (in Turkish), Istanbul: Türk Dil Kurumu, page 442
• Kélékian, Diran (1911) “حیله”, in Dictionnaire turc-français‎^[2], Constantinople: Mihran, page 524
• Meninski, Franciszek à Mesgnien (1687) “Machinatio”, in Complementum thesauri linguarum orientalium, seu onomasticum latino-turcico-arabico-persicum, simul idem index verborum lexici turcico-arabico-persici, quod latinâ, germanicâ, aliarumque linguarum adjectâ nomenclatione nuper in lucem editum‎^[3], Vienna, column 989
• Meninski, Franciszek à Mesgnien (1680) “حیلة”, in Thesaurus linguarum orientalium, Turcicae, Arabicae, Persicae, praecipuas earum opes à Turcis peculiariter usurpatas continens, nimirum Lexicon Turkico-Arabico-Persicum‎^[4], Vienna, column 1827
• Nişanyan, Sevan (2002–) “hile”, in Nişanyan Sözlük
• Redhouse, James W. (1890) “حیله”, in A Turkish and English Lexicon‎^[5], Constantinople: A. H. Boyajian, page 816

Persian

Etymology

Borrowed from Arabic حِيلَة (ḥīla).

Pronunciation

• (Classical Persian) IPA^(key): [hiː.ˈla]

 

• (Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [hiː.lǽ]

• (Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [hiː.lǽ]
  • (Kabuli) IPA^(key): [ʔiː.lǽ]
  • (Hazaragi) IPA^(key): [ʔi.lǽ]

• (Iran, formal) IPA^(key): [hiː.lé]

• (Tajik, formal) IPA^(key): [hi.lǽ]

Readings
Classical reading?	hīla
Dari reading?	hīla
Iranian reading?	hile
Tajik reading?	hila

Noun

حیله • (hile) (plural حیل (hiyal))

1. deception, fraud; trick; trickery

   Synonyms: فریب (farib), مکر (makr)

   • c. 1260s, Jalāl ad-Dīn Mohammad Rūmī, translated by Reynold A. Nicholson, مثنوی معنوی [Masnavi-ye-Ma'navi], volume I, verse 320:

     کار مردان روشنی و گرمی است
     کار دونان حیله و بی‌‌شرمی است

     kār-i mardān rōšanī u garmī ast
     kār-i dūnān hīla u bē-šarmī ast

     The work of [holy] men is light and heat; the work of vile men is trickery and shamelessness.

     (Classical Persian transliteration)