حزاء

See also: جزاء, خراء, and جراء

Arabic

FWOTD – 5 December 2024

Etymology

In view of the hallucinogenic uses of the plant, perhaps related to تَحَزَّى (taḥazzā, “to divine; to divine from the flights or cries of birds by driving them away”), حَزَى (ḥazā), حَزَا (ḥazā, “to compute by conjecture (fruits on a palm etc.)”), a variant of ح ص ي (ḥ-ṣ-y), ح ص و (ḥ-ṣ-w).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ħa.zaːʔ/

Noun

حَزَاء • (ḥazāʔ) m (collective, singulative حَزَاءَة f (ḥazāʔa))

1. (rare, in post-classical Arabic only Bedouin) common rue (Ruta graveolens)

   Synonym: سُذَاب (suḏāb)

   Hypernym: فَيْجَن (fayjan)

   • 975–997, محمد بن أحمد الخوارزمي [muḥammad ibn ʕaḥmad al-ḵwārizmī], edited by Gerlof van Vloten, مفاتيح العلوم [mafātīḥ al-ʕulūm], Leiden: E. J. Brill, published 1895, pages 167 line 10 – page 168 line 1:

     الْحَزَاء بقلة تشبه الْكَرَفْس لريحها خَمْطة وهي بالفارسيّة دينارُویه

     Rue is a vegetable similar to celery, of an acrid smell, in Persian called dīnārūya.

     commented in Seidel, Ernst (1915) “Die Medizin im Kitâb Mafâtîḥ al ʿUlûm”, in Sitzungsberichte der Physikalisch-Medizinischen Sozietät zu Erlangen‎^[1] (in German), volume 47, page 25 Anm. 73, where held Ridolfia segetum

   • a. 1050, مروان بن جناح [Marwān ibn Janāḥ], edited by Gerrit Bos, Fabian Käs, كتاب التلخيص [kitāb at-talḵīṣ] [On the Nomenclature of Medicinal Drugs], Leiden: Brill, published 2020, →DOI, →ISBN, 335 (fol. 31v,12–13), page 514:

     زوفرا، قال الطبري: إنّه الح‹ز›اء من الحاوي، وفي موضع آخر منه: زوفرا كاشم.

     Zawfarā: Aṭ-Tabarīy said: It is rue [in ibn Janāḥs manuscript: حنّاء (“henna”)], from Al-Ḥāwī, and elsewhere he says it is lovage.

   • a. 1832, محمد بن لعبون, هل الدار يا عواد إلا منازل‎^[2]:

     وَلَا تَحْسِب اَلْجَثْجَاثَ وَٱلْرِمْثَ وَٱلْحَزَا

     walā taḥsib al-jaṯjāṯa wal-rimṯa wal-ḥazā

     Keep away from false fleabane, saxaul and rue!

Declension

Declension of noun حَزَاء (ḥazāʔ)

Collective	basic collective triptote
	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	حَزَاء ḥazāʔ	الْحَزَاء al-ḥazāʔ	حَزَاء ḥazāʔ
Nominative	حَزَاءٌ ḥazāʔun	الْحَزَاءُ al-ḥazāʔu	حَزَاءُ ḥazāʔu
Accusative	حَزَاءً ḥazāʔan	الْحَزَاءَ al-ḥazāʔa	حَزَاءَ ḥazāʔa
Genitive	حَزَاءٍ ḥazāʔin	الْحَزَاءِ al-ḥazāʔi	حَزَاءِ ḥazāʔi
Singulative	singulative triptote in ـَة (-a)
	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	حَزَاءَة ḥazāʔa	الْحَزَاءَة al-ḥazāʔa	حَزَاءَة ḥazāʔat
Nominative	حَزَاءَةٌ ḥazāʔatun	الْحَزَاءَةُ al-ḥazāʔatu	حَزَاءَةُ ḥazāʔatu
Accusative	حَزَاءَةً ḥazāʔatan	الْحَزَاءَةَ al-ḥazāʔata	حَزَاءَةَ ḥazāʔata
Genitive	حَزَاءَةٍ ḥazāʔatin	الْحَزَاءَةِ al-ḥazāʔati	حَزَاءَةِ ḥazāʔati
Dual	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	حَزَاءَتَيْن ḥazāʔatayn	الْحَزَاءَتَيْن al-ḥazāʔatayn	حَزَاءَتَيْ ḥazāʔatay
Nominative	حَزَاءَتَانِ ḥazāʔatāni	الْحَزَاءَتَانِ al-ḥazāʔatāni	حَزَاءَتَا ḥazāʔatā
Accusative	حَزَاءَتَيْنِ ḥazāʔatayni	الْحَزَاءَتَيْنِ al-ḥazāʔatayni	حَزَاءَتَيْ ḥazāʔatay
Genitive	حَزَاءَتَيْنِ ḥazāʔatayni	الْحَزَاءَتَيْنِ al-ḥazāʔatayni	حَزَاءَتَيْ ḥazāʔatay
Paucal (3-10)	sound feminine paucal
	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	حَزَاءَات ḥazāʔāt	الْحَزَاءَات al-ḥazāʔāt	حَزَاءَات ḥazāʔāt
Nominative	حَزَاءَاتٌ ḥazāʔātun	الْحَزَاءَاتُ al-ḥazāʔātu	حَزَاءَاتُ ḥazāʔātu
Accusative	حَزَاءَاتٍ ḥazāʔātin	الْحَزَاءَاتِ al-ḥazāʔāti	حَزَاءَاتِ ḥazāʔāti
Genitive	حَزَاءَاتٍ ḥazāʔātin	الْحَزَاءَاتِ al-ḥazāʔāti	حَزَاءَاتِ ḥazāʔāti