جلهم

Arabic

Etymology

From Middle Persian, equivalent to the well-known Ottoman Turkish جهری (cehri, “buckthorn, shrub of yellowberry”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /d͡ʒal.ham/, /d͡ʒul.hum/

Noun

جَلْهَم or جُلْهُم • (jalham or julhum) m

1. (obsolete) buckthorn or certain species thereof, yellowberry, Persian berry (Rhamnus infectoria, Rhamnus amygdalina, Rhamnus lycioides subsp. oleoides)
   • a. 1050, مروان بن جناح [Marwān ibn Janāḥ], edited by Gerrit Bos, Fabian Käs, كتاب التلخيص [kitāb at-talḵīṣ] [On the Nomenclature of Medicinal Drugs], Leiden: Brill, published 2020, →DOI, →ISBN, 186 (fol. 18r,15), page 374:

     الجلهم هو العوسج الأسود منه.

     Jalham is boxthorn, in the same author [Kunnāš by Ibn Isḥāq, who died a. 950, and compiled from an even older Mashriqi plant list].

   • a. 1248, ابن البيطار [Ibn al-Bayṭār], الجامع لمفردات الأدوية والأغذية [De simplicibus medicinis opus magnum]:

     جلهم: قيل: هو العوسج الأسود أسود العود والثمرة وورقه شبيه بورق الآس الجبلي، وله زهرة صغيرة تضرب إلى الصفرة

     Jalham: It is said to be black boxthorn, of black wood, and the fruit and its leaves similar to the mountain myrtle, and it has small blossoms of a colour tending towards yellow.

Declension

Declension of noun جَلْهَم (jalham)‎; جُلْهُم (julhum)

Singular	basic singular triptote
	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	جَلْهَم‎; جُلْهُم jalham‎; julhum	الْجَلْهَم‎; الْجُلْهُم al-jalham‎; al-julhum	جَلْهَم‎; جُلْهُم jalham‎; julhum
Nominative	جَلْهَمٌ‎; جُلْهُمٌ jalhamun‎; julhumun	الْجَلْهَمُ‎; الْجُلْهُمُ al-jalhamu‎; al-julhumu	جَلْهَمُ‎; جُلْهُمُ jalhamu‎; julhumu
Accusative	جَلْهَمًا‎; جُلْهُمًا jalhaman‎; julhuman	الْجَلْهَمَ‎; الْجُلْهُمَ al-jalhama‎; al-julhuma	جَلْهَمَ‎; جُلْهُمَ jalhama‎; julhuma
Genitive	جَلْهَمٍ‎; جُلْهُمٍ jalhamin‎; julhumin	الْجَلْهَمِ‎; الْجُلْهُمِ al-jalhami‎; al-julhumi	جَلْهَمِ‎; جُلْهُمِ jalhami‎; julhumi

Further reading

• “Persian berries”, in CAMEO: Conservation & Art Materials Encyclopedia Online‎^[1], 2013
• “Buckthorn berries”, in CAMEO: Conservation & Art Materials Encyclopedia Online‎^[2], 2013