بقم

See also: نقم, يقم, and تقم

Arabic

Etymology

From Persian بکم (bakam).

Noun

بَقَّم • (baqqam) m

1. Caesalpinieae tribe plants used for their brazilin-containing woods

   Synonym: عَنْدَم (ʕandam)

Declension

Declension of noun بَقَّم (baqqam)

Singular	basic singular triptote
	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	بَقَّم baqqam	الْبَقَّم al-baqqam	بَقَّم baqqam
Nominative	بَقَّمٌ baqqamun	الْبَقَّمُ al-baqqamu	بَقَّمُ baqqamu
Accusative	بَقَّمًا baqqaman	الْبَقَّمَ al-baqqama	بَقَّمَ baqqama
Genitive	بَقَّمٍ baqqamin	الْبَقَّمِ al-baqqami	بَقَّمِ baqqami

Descendants

• → Middle Armenian: պաղղամ (paġġam), բաղամ (baġam)
• → Ottoman Turkish: بقم (bakam, bakkam) (see there for further descendants)

Further reading

• Ačaṙean, Hračʻeay (1971) “բաղամ”, in Hayerēn armatakan baṙaran [Armenian Etymological Dictionary] (in Armenian), 2nd edition, a reprint of the original 1926–1935 seven-volume edition, volume I, Yerevan: University Press, pages 395–396
• Dozy, Reinhart Pieter Anne (1881) “بقم”, in Supplément aux dictionnaires arabes‎^[2] (in French), volume 1, Leiden: E. J. Brill, page 104
• Fīrūzābādī (1834) Al-uqiyānūs al-basīt‎^[3], 2nd edition, volume III, translated from Arabic into Ottoman Turkish by Aḥmad ʻĀṣim, Constantinople, page 402
• Freytag, Georg (1830) “بقم”, in Lexicon arabico-latinum praesertim ex Djeuharii Firuzabadiique et aliorum Arabum operibus adhibitis Golii quoque et aliorum libris confectum‎^[4] (in Latin), volume 1, Halle: C. A. Schwetschke, page 143
• Lane, Edward William (1863) “بقم”, in Arabic-English Lexicon‎^[5], London: Williams & Norgate, page 237
• Löw, Immanuel (1924) Die Flora der Juden‎^[6] (in German), volume 3, Wien und Leipzig: R. Löwit, pages 127–132
• Wehr, Hans with Kropfitsch, Lorenz (1985) “بقم”, in Arabisches Wörterbuch für die Schriftsprache der Gegenwart‎^[7] (in German), 5th edition, Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz, published 2011, →ISBN, page 103

Ottoman Turkish

Alternative forms

• بقام (bakam, bakkam)

Etymology

Borrowed from Arabic بَقَّم (baqqam).

Noun

بقم • (bakam, bakkam)

1. red paint from the plants of the Caesalpinieae tribe used for their brazilin-containing woods; with آغاجی (ağacı) the plant itself
   • 1914, Harun Reşit Kocacan, Muhtasar ilm-i kımya: Darülmuallimin ve Darülfünun ile mekâtib-i iʼdadiye sınıflarına mahsustur, İstanbul: Kitaphane-yi İslâm ve Askerı̂, page 254:

     طبیعی بویالرك اك مهملری كوك بویا ، بقام اغاجی ، چیوید ، زغفران جهرى وقرمزدر .

     tabiʼi boyalarıñ eñ mühimleri kök boya, bakkam ağacı, ‍çivid, zağferan[,] cehri ve kırmızdır.

     The most important natural dyes are madder, bloodwood, indigo, saffron, yellowberry, and kermes.

Descendants

• Turkish: bakam, bakkam
• → Albanian: bakam, bakëm
• → Armenian: պախամ (paxam)
• → Aromanian: bãcãme
• → Belarusian: бака́н (bakán)
• → Bulgarian: бака́м (bakám)
• → Greek: μπαχάμι (bachámi), μπακάμι (bakámi)
• → Macedonian: бакам (bakam)
• → Romanian: băcan
• → Russian: бака́н (bakán)
• → Serbo-Croatian:

  Cyrillic script: ба̀кам

  Latin script: bàkam

• → Ukrainian: бака́н (bakán)

References

• Alkayış, Fatih (2007) “bakam”, in Türkiye Türkçesinde bitki adları [Plant Names in Turkish of Turkey] (in Turkish), doctoral thesis, Kayseri: T.C. Erciyes Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, page 210
• Anikin, A. E. (2008) “бакан”, in Русский этимологический словарь [Russian Etymological Dictionary] (in Russian), issue 2 (ба – бдынъ), Moscow: Manuscript Monuments Ancient Rus, →ISBN, page 97
• Kélékian, Diran (1911) “بقم”, in Dictionnaire turc-français‎^[8], Constantinople: Mihran, page 271a
• Поленаковиќ, Харалампие (2007) “153. BǍCǍ́ME sb. f.”, in Зузана Тополињска, Петар Атанасов, editors, Турските елементи во ароманскиот [Turskite elementi vo aromanskiot]‎^[9], put into Macedonian from the author’s Serbo-Croatian Turski elementi u aromunskom dijalektu (1939, unpublished) by Веселинка Лаброска, Скопје: Македонска академија на науките и уметностите [Makedonska akademija na naukite i umetnostite], →ISBN, page 85