بددل

Persian

Etymology

بد (bad, “bad”) +‎ دل (del, “heart; (metaphorically) courage”).

Pronunciation

• (Classical Persian) IPA^(key): [bað.ˈdil]

 

• (Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [bäd̪.d̪ɪ́l]

• (Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [bäd̪.d̪ɪ́l]
  • (Kabuli) IPA^(key): [bäd̪.d̪ɪ́l]
  • (Hazaragi) IPA^(key): [bäd̪.d̪íl̥]

• (Iran, formal) IPA^(key): [bæd̪.d̪él̥]

• (Tajik, formal) IPA^(key): [bäd̪.d̪íl]

Readings
Classical reading?	baḏḏil
Dari reading?	baddil
Iranian reading?	baddel
Tajik reading?	baddil

Adjective

بددل • (baddel)

1. weak-hearted; cowardly
   • 1310s, Rashīd al-Dīn, “History of the Nations of the Kings of China”, in جامع التواريخ [Jāmiʿ al-tawārīkh]:

     این گینگشی لیوهان مردی بغایت بددل بود چنانکه هر وقت که امرا با او سخن گفتندی لرزه به اندام وی افتادی از بیم ایشان.

     īn gēngšī liyūhān mardē ba ğāyat baddil būd čunānki har waqt ki umarā bā ō suxan guftandē larza ba andām-i way uftādē az bīm-i ēšān.

     This Gēngshī Liyū Hān [Gengshi emperor, Liu Xuan] was such an extremely weak-hearted man that whenever his generals spoke with him, his limbs would start to tremble out of terror at them [the generals].