استکمال

Persian

Etymology

Borrowed from Arabic اِسْتِكْمَال (istikmāl).

Pronunciation

• (Classical Persian) IPA^(key): [ʔis.tik.ˈmɑːl]

 

• (Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [ʔɪs.t̪ʰɪk.mɑ́ːl]

• (Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [ʔɪs.t̪ʰɪk.mɑ́ːl]
  • (Kabuli) IPA^(key): [ʔɪs.t̪ʰɪk.mɑ́ːl]
  • (Hazaragi) IPA^(key): [ʔis.t̪ʰik.mɔ́ːl̥]

• (Iran, formal) IPA^(key): [ʔes.t̪ʰekʲ.mɒ́ːl̥]

• (Tajik, formal) IPA^(key): [ʔis.t̪ʰik.mɔ́l]

Readings
Classical reading?	istikmāl
Dari reading?	istikmāl
Iranian reading?	estekmâl
Tajik reading?	istikmol

Noun

استکمال • (estekmâl) (verbal noun)

1. perfecting

   Synonyms: کامل کردن (kâmel kardan), تکمیل کردن (takmil kardam)

   • c. 1260s, Jalāl ad-Dīn Mohammad Rūmī, translated by Reynold A. Nicholson, مثنوی معنوی [Masnavi-ye-Ma'navi], volume I, verse 3212:

     هر که نقص خویش را دید و شناخت
     اندر استکمال خود ده اسبه تاخت

     har ki naqs-i xwēš-rā dīd u šināxt
     andar istikmāl-i xwad dah asba tāxt

     Whoever has seen and recognised his own deficiency has galloped with ten horses in perfecting himself.

2. completing

   Synonym: تمام کردن (tamâm kardan)

3. wishing [something] to be finished

   Synonym: تمام کردن خواستن (tamâm kardan xâstan)

4. seeking perfection

Further reading

• Steingass, Francis Joseph (1892) “استكمال”, in A Comprehensive Persian–English dictionary, London: Routledge & K. Paul
• Dehkhoda, Ali-Akbar (1931–) “استکمال”, in Dehkhoda Dictionary Institute, editors, Dehkhoda Dictionary (in Persian), Tehran: University of Tehran Press
• Hayyim, Sulayman (1934) “استکمال”, in New Persian–English dictionary, Teheran: Librairie-imprimerie Béroukhim