استناد

Arabic

Root
س ن د (s n d)
10 terms

Etymology

Verbal noun of اِسْتَنَدَ (istanada).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /is.ti.naːd/

Noun

اِسْتِنَاد • (istinād) m

1. verbal noun of اِسْتَنَدَ (istanada) (form VIII)
2. leaning upon

Declension

Declension of noun اِسْتِنَاد (istinād)

Singular	basic singular triptote
	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	اِسْتِنَاد istinād	الِاسْتِنَاد al-istinād	اِسْتِنَاد istinād
Nominative	اِسْتِنَادٌ istinādun	الِاسْتِنَادُ al-istinādu	اِسْتِنَادُ istinādu
Accusative	اِسْتِنَادًا istinādan	الِاسْتِنَادَ al-istināda	اِسْتِنَادَ istināda
Genitive	اِسْتِنَادٍ istinādin	الِاسْتِنَادِ al-istinādi	اِسْتِنَادِ istinādi

Descendants

• → Azerbaijani: istinad
• → Ottoman Turkish: استناد (istinâd)
  • Turkish: istinat
• → Persian: استناد
  • → Urdu: استناد
• → Uzbek: istinod

Persian

Etymology

Borrowed from Arabic اِسْتِنَاد (istinād).

Pronunciation

• (Classical Persian) IPA^(key): [ʔis.ti.ˈnɑːð]

 

• (Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [ʔɪs.t̪ʰɪ.nɑ́ːd̪]

• (Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [ʔɪs.t̪ʰɪ.nɑ́ːd̪]
  • (Kabuli) IPA^(key): [ʔɪs.t̪ʰɪ.nɑ́ːd̪]
  • (Hazaragi) IPA^(key): [ʔis.t̪ʰi.nɔ́ːd̪̥]

• (Iran, formal) IPA^(key): [ʔes.t̪ʰe.nɒ́ːd̪̥]

• (Tajik, formal) IPA^(key): [ʔis.t̪ʰi.nɔ́d̪]

Readings
Classical reading?	istināḏ
Dari reading?	istinād
Iranian reading?	estenâd
Tajik reading?	istinod

Noun

استناد • (estenâd)

1. relying on, drawing upon (e.g. a source)

   به استناد حکم دادگاه ― be estenâd-e hokm-e dâdgâh ― based on court orders

Further reading

• Hayyim, Sulayman (1934) “استناد”, in New Persian–English dictionary, Teheran: Librairie-imprimerie Béroukhim