استفتى

Arabic

Etymology

Desiderative to form IV أَفْتَى (ʔaftā).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /is.taf.taː/

Verb

اِسْتَفْتَى • (istaftā) X (non-past يَسْتَفْتِي (yastaftī), verbal noun اِسْتِفْتَاء (istiftāʔ))

1. (Islamic law) to ask for a legal opinion, to request a ruling [with accusative ‘someone’ and فِي (fī) ‘in a matter’]
   • 609–632 CE, Qur'an, 4:176:

     يَسْتَفْتُونَكَ قُلِ اللَّهُ يُفْتِيكُمْ فِي الْكَلَالَةِ ۚ إِنِ امْرُؤٌ هَلَكَ لَيْسَ لَهُ وَلَدٌ وَلَهُ أُخْتٌ فَلَهَا نِصْفُ مَا تَرَكَ ۚ وَهُوَ يَرِثُهَا إِن لَّمْ يَكُن لَّهَا وَلَدٌ ۚ فَإِن كَانَتَا اثْنَتَيْنِ فَلَهُمَا الثُّلُثَانِ مِمَّا تَرَكَ ۚ وَإِن كَانُوا إِخْوَةً رِّجَالًا وَنِسَاءً فَلِلذَّكَرِ مِثْلُ حَظِّ الْأُنثَيَيْنِ ۗ يُبَيِّنُ اللَّهُ لَكُمْ أَن تَضِلُّوا ۗ وَاللَّهُ بِكُلِّ شَيْءٍ عَلِيمٌ

     They request from you a [legal] ruling. Say, " Allah gives you a ruling concerning one having neither descendants nor ascendants [as heirs]." If a man dies, leaving no child but [only] a sister, she will have half of what he left. And he inherits from her if she [dies and] has no child. But if there are two sisters [or more], they will have two-thirds of what he left. If there are both brothers and sisters, the male will have the share of two females. Allah makes clear to you [His law], lest you go astray. And Allah is Knowing of all things.

2. to request information from, to consult [with accusative ‘someone’ and فِي (fī) ‘about something’]

Conjugation

    Conjugation of اِسْتَفْتَى (X, final-weak, full passive, verbal noun اِسْتِفْتَاء)

verbal noun الْمَصْدَر						اِسْتِفْتَاء istiftāʔ
active participle اِسْم الْفَاعِل						مُسْتَفْتٍ mustaftin
passive participle اِسْم الْمَفْعُول						مُسْتَفْتًى mustaftan
active voice الْفِعْل الْمَعْلُوم
		singular الْمُفْرَد				dual الْمُثَنَّى			plural الْجَمْع
		1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب		2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب		1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي	m	اِسْتَفْتَيْتُ istaftaytu	اِسْتَفْتَيْتَ istaftayta	اِسْتَفْتَى istaftā		اِسْتَفْتَيْتُمَا istaftaytumā	اِسْتَفْتَيَا istaftayā		اِسْتَفْتَيْنَا istaftaynā	اِسْتَفْتَيْتُمْ istaftaytum	اِسْتَفْتَوْا istaftaw
	f		اِسْتَفْتَيْتِ istaftayti	اِسْتَفْتَتْ istaftat			اِسْتَفْتَتَا istaftatā			اِسْتَفْتَيْتُنَّ istaftaytunna	اِسْتَفْتَيْنَ istaftayna
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع	m	أَسْتَفْتِي ʔastaftī	تَسْتَفْتِي tastaftī	يَسْتَفْتِي yastaftī		تَسْتَفْتِيَانِ tastaftiyāni	يَسْتَفْتِيَانِ yastaftiyāni		نَسْتَفْتِي nastaftī	تَسْتَفْتُونَ tastaftūna	يَسْتَفْتُونَ yastaftūna
	f		تَسْتَفْتِينَ tastaftīna	تَسْتَفْتِي tastaftī			تَسْتَفْتِيَانِ tastaftiyāni			تَسْتَفْتِينَ tastaftīna	يَسْتَفْتِينَ yastaftīna
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب	m	أَسْتَفْتِيَ ʔastaftiya	تَسْتَفْتِيَ tastaftiya	يَسْتَفْتِيَ yastaftiya		تَسْتَفْتِيَا tastaftiyā	يَسْتَفْتِيَا yastaftiyā		نَسْتَفْتِيَ nastaftiya	تَسْتَفْتُوا tastaftū	يَسْتَفْتُوا yastaftū
	f		تَسْتَفْتِي tastaftī	تَسْتَفْتِيَ tastaftiya			تَسْتَفْتِيَا tastaftiyā			تَسْتَفْتِينَ tastaftīna	يَسْتَفْتِينَ yastaftīna
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم	m	أَسْتَفْتِ ʔastafti	تَسْتَفْتِ tastafti	يَسْتَفْتِ yastafti		تَسْتَفْتِيَا tastaftiyā	يَسْتَفْتِيَا yastaftiyā		نَسْتَفْتِ nastafti	تَسْتَفْتُوا tastaftū	يَسْتَفْتُوا yastaftū
	f		تَسْتَفْتِي tastaftī	تَسْتَفْتِ tastafti			تَسْتَفْتِيَا tastaftiyā			تَسْتَفْتِينَ tastaftīna	يَسْتَفْتِينَ yastaftīna
imperative الْأَمْر	m		اِسْتَفْتِ istafti			اِسْتَفْتِيَا istaftiyā				اِسْتَفْتُوا istaftū
	f		اِسْتَفْتِي istaftī							اِسْتَفْتِينَ istaftīna
passive voice الْفِعْل الْمَجْهُول
		singular الْمُفْرَد				dual الْمُثَنَّى			plural الْجَمْع
		1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب		2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب		1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي	m	اُسْتُفْتِيتُ ustuftītu	اُسْتُفْتِيتَ ustuftīta	اُسْتُفْتِيَ ustuftiya		اُسْتُفْتِيتُمَا ustuftītumā	اُسْتُفْتِيَا ustuftiyā		اُسْتُفْتِينَا ustuftīnā	اُسْتُفْتِيتُمْ ustuftītum	اُسْتُفْتُوا ustuftū
	f		اُسْتُفْتِيتِ ustuftīti	اُسْتُفْتِيَتْ ustuftiyat			اُسْتُفْتِيَتَا ustuftiyatā			اُسْتُفْتِيتُنَّ ustuftītunna	اُسْتُفْتِينَ ustuftīna
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع	m	أُسْتَفْتَى ʔustaftā	تُسْتَفْتَى tustaftā	يُسْتَفْتَى yustaftā		تُسْتَفْتَيَانِ tustaftayāni	يُسْتَفْتَيَانِ yustaftayāni		نُسْتَفْتَى nustaftā	تُسْتَفْتَوْنَ tustaftawna	يُسْتَفْتَوْنَ yustaftawna
	f		تُسْتَفْتَيْنَ tustaftayna	تُسْتَفْتَى tustaftā			تُسْتَفْتَيَانِ tustaftayāni			تُسْتَفْتَيْنَ tustaftayna	يُسْتَفْتَيْنَ yustaftayna
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب	m	أُسْتَفْتَى ʔustaftā	تُسْتَفْتَى tustaftā	يُسْتَفْتَى yustaftā		تُسْتَفْتَيَا tustaftayā	يُسْتَفْتَيَا yustaftayā		نُسْتَفْتَى nustaftā	تُسْتَفْتَوْا tustaftaw	يُسْتَفْتَوْا yustaftaw
	f		تُسْتَفْتَيْ tustaftay	تُسْتَفْتَى tustaftā			تُسْتَفْتَيَا tustaftayā			تُسْتَفْتَيْنَ tustaftayna	يُسْتَفْتَيْنَ yustaftayna
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم	m	أُسْتَفْتَ ʔustafta	تُسْتَفْتَ tustafta	يُسْتَفْتَ yustafta		تُسْتَفْتَيَا tustaftayā	يُسْتَفْتَيَا yustaftayā		نُسْتَفْتَ nustafta	تُسْتَفْتَوْا tustaftaw	يُسْتَفْتَوْا yustaftaw
	f		تُسْتَفْتَيْ tustaftay	تُسْتَفْتَ tustafta			تُسْتَفْتَيَا tustaftayā			تُسْتَفْتَيْنَ tustaftayna	يُسْتَفْتَيْنَ yustaftayna

References

• Freytag, Georg (1830–1837) “استفتى”, in Lexicon arabico-latinum praesertim ex Djeuharii Firuzabadiique et aliorum Arabum operibus adhibitis Golii quoque et aliorum libris confectum‎^[1] (in Latin), Halle: C. A. Schwetschke
• Baalbaki, Rohi (1995) “استفتى”, in Al-Mawrid: A Modern Arabic-English Dictionary, 7th edition, Beirut: Dar El-Ilm Lilmalayin, →ISBN
• Баранов, Х. К. (2011) “استفتى”, in Большой арабско-русский словарь (Bolʹšoj arabsko-russkij slovarʹ), 11th edition, Москва: Живой язык, →ISBN
• Lane, Edward William (1863) “استفتى”, in Arabic-English Lexicon‎^[2], London: Williams & Norgate
• Wehr, Hans (1960) “استفتى”, in J. Milton Cowan, editor, A Dictionary of Modern Written Arabic, 3rd edition, Ithaca, NY: Otto Harrassowitz