أنفس

See also: انفس

Arabic

Etymology 1

Noun

أَنْفُس • (ʔanfus) m pl or f pl

1. plural of نَفْس (nafs)
   • 609–632 CE, Qur'an, 13:11:

     لَهُ مُعَقِّبَتٌ مِن بَيْنِ يَدَيْهِ وَمِنْ خَلْفِهِ يَحْفَظُونَهُ مِنْ أَمْرِ ٱللّٰهِ إِنَّ ٱللّٰهَ لَا يُغَيِّرُ مَا بِقَوْمٍ حَتَّى يُغَيِّرُوا مَا بِأَنْفُسِهِمْ وَإِذَا أَرَادَ ٱللّٰهُ بِقَوْمٍ سُوءًا فَلَا مَرَدَّ لَهُ وَمَا لَهُم مِن دُونِهِ مِن وَالٍ

     lahu muʕaqqibatun min bayni yadayhi wa-min ḵalfihi yaḥfaẓūnahu min ʔamri llāhi ʔinna llāha lā yuḡayyiru mā bi-qawmin ḥattā yuḡayyirū mā bi-ʔanfusihim wa-ʔiḏā ʔarāda llāhu bi-qawmin sūʔan fa-lā maradda lahu wa-mā lahum min dūnihi min wālin

     For each one are successive [angels] before and behind him who protect him by the decree of Allah. Indeed, Allah will not change the condition of a people until they change what is in themselves. And when Allah intends for a people ill, there is no repelling it. And there is not for them besides Him any patron.

Etymology 2

Root
ن ف س (n f s)
10 terms

Elative of نَفِيس (nafīs, “precious”).

Adjective

أَنْفَس • (ʔanfas)

1. elative degree of نَفِيس (nafīs):
   1. more precious; most precious

Declension

Declension of adjective أَنْفَس (ʔanfas)

Singular	Masculine		Feminine
	basic singular diptote		singular unknown
	Indefinite	Definite	Indefinite	Definite
Informal	أَنْفَس ʔanfas	الْأَنْفَس al-ʔanfas	? ?	? ?
Nominative	أَنْفَسُ ʔanfasu	الْأَنْفَسُ al-ʔanfasu	? ?	? ?
Accusative	أَنْفَسَ ʔanfasa	الْأَنْفَسَ al-ʔanfasa	? ?	? ?
Genitive	أَنْفَسَ ʔanfasa	الْأَنْفَسِ al-ʔanfasi	? ?	? ?
Dual	Masculine		Feminine
	Indefinite	Definite	Indefinite	Definite
Informal	أَنْفَسَيْن ʔanfasayn	الْأَنْفَسَيْن al-ʔanfasayn	? ?	? ?
Nominative	أَنْفَسَانِ ʔanfasāni	الْأَنْفَسَانِ al-ʔanfasāni	? ?	? ?
Accusative	أَنْفَسَيْنِ ʔanfasayni	الْأَنْفَسَيْنِ al-ʔanfasayni	? ?	? ?
Genitive	أَنْفَسَيْنِ ʔanfasayni	الْأَنْفَسَيْنِ al-ʔanfasayni	? ?	? ?
Plural	Masculine		Feminine
	plural unknown		plural unknown
	Indefinite	Definite	Indefinite	Definite
Informal	? ?	? ?	? ?	? ?
Nominative	? ?	? ?	? ?	? ?
Accusative	? ?	? ?	? ?	? ?
Genitive	? ?	? ?	? ?	? ?

References

• Lane, Edward William (1863) “نفس”, in Arabic-English Lexicon‎^[1], London: Williams & Norgate

Etymology 3

Verb

أنفس (form I)

1. أَنْفُسُ (ʔanfusu) /ʔan.fu.su/: first-person singular non-past active indicative of نَفُسَ (nafusa)
2. أَنْفُسَ (ʔanfusa) /ʔan.fu.sa/: first-person singular non-past active subjunctive of نَفُسَ (nafusa)
3. أَنْفُسْ (ʔanfus) /ʔan.fus/: first-person singular non-past active jussive of نَفُسَ (nafusa)
4. أَنْفَسُ (ʔanfasu) /ʔan.fa.su/: first-person singular non-past active indicative of نَفِسَ (nafisa)
5. أَنْفَسَ (ʔanfasa) /ʔan.fa.sa/: first-person singular non-past active subjunctive of نَفِسَ (nafisa)
6. أَنْفَسْ (ʔanfas) /ʔan.fas/: first-person singular non-past active jussive of نَفِسَ (nafisa)
7. أُنْفَسُ (ʔunfasu) /ʔun.fa.su/: first-person singular non-past passive indicative of نَفِسَ (nafisa) and نُفِسَ (nufisa)
8. أُنْفَسَ (ʔunfasa) /ʔun.fa.sa/: first-person singular non-past passive subjunctive of نَفِسَ (nafisa) and نُفِسَ (nufisa)
9. أُنْفَسْ (ʔunfas) /ʔun.fas/: first-person singular non-past passive jussive of نَفِسَ (nafisa) and نُفِسَ (nufisa)

Etymology 4

Verb

أنفس (form II)

1. أُنَفِّسُ (ʔunaffisu) /ʔu.naf.fi.su/: first-person singular non-past active indicative of نَفَّسَ (naffasa)
2. أُنَفَّسُ (ʔunaffasu) /ʔu.naf.fa.su/: first-person singular non-past passive indicative of نَفَّسَ (naffasa)
3. أُنَفِّسَ (ʔunaffisa) /ʔu.naf.fi.sa/: first-person singular non-past active subjunctive of نَفَّسَ (naffasa)
4. أُنَفَّسَ (ʔunaffasa) /ʔu.naf.fa.sa/: first-person singular non-past passive subjunctive of نَفَّسَ (naffasa)
5. أُنَفِّسْ (ʔunaffis) /ʔu.naf.fis/: first-person singular non-past active jussive of نَفَّسَ (naffasa)
6. أُنَفَّسْ (ʔunaffas) /ʔu.naf.fas/: first-person singular non-past passive jussive of نَفَّسَ (naffasa)