кум

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Eastern Mari

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Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key): /kum/
  • Rhymes: -um
  • Hyphenation: кум

Etymology 1

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From Proto-Mari *kŭm, from Proto-Uralic *kolme. Cognate with Western Mari кым (kym).

Numeral

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кум (kum) (long form/predicative кумыт)

Eastern Mari numbers (edit)
30
[a], [b] ←  2 3 4  → [a], [b]
    Cardinal: кум (kum), кумыт (kumyt)
    Ordinal: кумшо (kumšo)
  1. three
    кум сутка
    kum sutka
    three days

Etymology 2

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Borrowed from Russian кум (kum).

Noun

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кум (kum)

  1. godfather
  2. father (of one's godchild)
  3. (figuratively) nepotism, favoritism/favouritism
    пашаште кум лийшаш огыл
    pašašte kum ĺijšaš ogyl
    you shouldn't show favoritism in work
Declension
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Declension of кум
singular plural
nominative кум (kum) кум-влак (kum-vlak)
accusative кумым (kumym) кум-влакым (kum-vlakym)
genitive кумын (kumyn) кум-влакын (kum-vlakyn)
dative кумлан (kumlan) кум-влаклан (kum-vlaklan)
comitative кумге (kumge) кум-влакге (kum-vlakge)
comparative кумла (kumla) кум-влакла (kum-vlakla)
inessive кумышто (kumyšto) кум-влакыште (kum-vlakyšte)
illative (short) кумыш (kumyš) кум-влакыш (kum-vlakyš)
illative (long) кумышко (kumyško) кум-влакышке (kum-vlakyške)
lative кумеш (kumeš) кум-влакеш (kum-vlakeš)
Possessed forms of кум
singular plural
1st person кумем (kumem) кумна (kumna)
2nd person кумет (kumet) кумда (kumda)
3rd person кумжо (kumžo) кумышт (kumyšt)

References

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  • J. Bradley et al. (2023) “кум”, in The Mari Web Project: Mari-English Dictionary, University of Vienna

Kyrgyz

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Kyrgyz Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia ky

Etymology

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From Proto-Turkic *kum.

Pronunciation

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Noun

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кум (kum) (Arabic spelling قۇم)

  1. sand (finely ground rock)

Declension

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Macedonian

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Etymology

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Inherited from Proto-Slavic *kumъ.

Pronunciation

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Noun

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кум (kumm (plural кумови, feminine кума, relational adjective кумов, diminutive кумче)

  1. witness (at a wedding)
  2. godfather

Declension

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Derived terms

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Nogai

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Etymology

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From Proto-Turkic *kum. Cognate to Kazakh құм (qūm), Karakalpak qum, etc.

Noun

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кум (qum)

  1. sand

Northern Altai

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Etymology

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From Proto-Turkic *kum. Cognate to Shor қум (qum), қумақ (qumaq), Khakas хум (xum), Chulym қум (qum), Western Yugur qum, Tuvan кум (kum), Tofa һум (hum), etc.

Noun

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кум (kum)

  1. sand

See also

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References

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  • N. A. Baskakov, editor (1985), “кум, кубак, кувак”, in Severnyje Dialekty Altajskovo( Ojrotskovo) Jazyka- Dialekt Lebedinskix Tatar-čalkancev(kuu-kiži) [Northern Altai language-Dialect of Chelkan], Moskva: glavnaja redakcija vostočnoj literatury, →ISBN
  • N. A Baskakov, editor (1972), “кубак”, in Severnyje dialekty Altajskovo (Ojrotskovo Jazyka- Dialekt kumandincev(Kumandin Kiži) [Northern Dialect of Altai -Kumandin Dialect(Kumandin kiži)], Moskva: glavnaja redakcija vostočnoja literatury, →ISBN

Russian

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Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key): [kum]
  • Audio:(file)

Etymology 1

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Inherited from Proto-Slavic *kumъ, back-formation from *kuma (godmother), from Balkan Vulgar Latin *cómmater, from Latin compater (godfather).

Noun

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кум (kumm anim (genitive ку́ма, nominative plural кумовья́, genitive plural кумовьёв, feminine кума́)

  1. godfather of one's child
  2. father of one's godchild
  3. (colloquial) a friend in high places, one's benefactor
  4. (criminal slang) security officer, detective
  5. (obsolete) man, fellow (form of address to a middle-aged or elderly man)
Declension
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Derived terms
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Descendants
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  • Ingrian: kooma
See also
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Further reading

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  • Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “кум”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress
  • Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “кума”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress

Etymology 2

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Borrowed from Turkic; compare to Kazakh құм (qūm), Kyrgyz кум (kum), Uzbek qum.

Noun

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кум (kumm inan (genitive ку́ма, nominative plural ку́мы, genitive plural ку́мов)

  1. (geomorphology) erg, sand sea (in Central Asia)
Declension
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Etymology 3

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Noun

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кум (kumf anim pl

  1. genitive/accusative plural of кума́ (kumá)

Serbo-Croatian

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Etymology 1

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Inherited from Proto-Slavic *kumъ, from earlier *kъmotrъ, from Latin commater, see kmotra, kmotr in Czech.

Pronunciation

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Noun

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ку̑м m (Latin spelling kȗm)

  1. godfather
  2. witness (at wedding)
Declension
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Further reading

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  • кум”, in Hrvatski jezični portal [Croatian language portal] (in Serbo-Croatian), 2006–2024

Etymology 2

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Borrowed from Ottoman Turkish قوم (Turkish kum (sand)).

Pronunciation

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Noun

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ку̏м m (Latin spelling kȕm)

  1. (uncountable) sand
Declension
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Further reading

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  • кум”, in Hrvatski jezični portal [Croatian language portal] (in Serbo-Croatian), 2006–2024

Southern Altai

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Etymology

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From Proto-Turkic *Kum (sand). Cognate with Kazakh құм (qūm), Kyrgyz кум (kum), Crimean Tatar qum, Kumyk хум (xum), Bashkir ҡом (qom), Tatar ком (qom), Azerbaijani qum, Turkish kum, Turkmen gum, Uzbek qum, Khakas хум (xum), Shor қум, Tuvan кум (kum), Western Yugur qum, etc.

Noun

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кум (kum)

  1. sand

Synonyms

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References

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кум”, in Grammatika Altajskovo Jazyka [Altaic language Grammar], Kazan: V universtiteskoj til, 1869, →ISBN

Tuvan

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Etymology

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From Proto-Turkic *Kum (sand).

Noun

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кум (kum) (definite accusative кумну, plural кумнар)

  1. sand

Ukrainian

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Ukrainian Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia uk

Pronunciation

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This entry needs an audio pronunciation. If you are a native speaker with a microphone, please record this word. The recorded pronunciation will appear here when it's ready.

Etymology 1

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From Proto-Slavic *kumъ, back-formation from *kuma (godmother) (whence also кума́ (kumá)), from Balkan Vulgar Latin *cómmater, from Latin compater (godfather).

Noun

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кум (kumm pers (genitive ку́ма, nominative plural ку́ми, genitive plural ку́мів, feminine кума́, relational adjective кумі́вський or ку́мів)

  1. godfather of one's child
  2. father of one's godchild
  3. (colloquial) man, fellow (form of address to a middle-aged or elderly man)
  4. (folk poetic) used as an epithet for a wolf
Declension
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See also
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Further reading

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Etymology 2

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Onomatopoeic

Alternative forms

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Noun

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кум (kum)

  1. sound of a frog, ribbit
Derived terms
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Further reading

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Etymology 3

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See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Noun

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кум (kumf pers pl

  1. genitive/accusative plural of кума́ (kumá)