кроме

Bulgarian

Etymology

From Old Church Slavonic кромѣ (kromě, “outside, afar”), a locative case of Proto-Slavic *kroma (“edge, boundary”). Partially reintroduced into the modern language from Russian кро́ме (króme).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈkrɔmɛ]

• Audio:

  (file)

Preposition

кро́ме • (króme)

1. (dialectal, rare) except for, aside from

   Synonym: осве́н (osvén)

2. (dated) besides, moreover, other than

   Synonyms: о́ще (óšte), осве́н (osvén)

   а кро́ме ― a króme ― on top of, in addition

3. (archaic) afar, outside

   Synonym: извън (izvǎn)

References

• “кроме”, in Речник на българския език [Dictionary of the Bulgarian Language] (in Bulgarian), Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 2014
• Georgiev, Vladimir I., editor (1986), “кроме”, in Български етимологичен речник [Bulgarian Etymological Dictionary] (in Bulgarian), volume 3 (крес¹ – мѝнго¹), Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences Pubg. House, page 18
• кромѣ in Исторически речник на Българския език, Sofia University "St. Clement Ohridsky"

Russian

Alternative forms

• кро́мѣ (krómě) — Pre-reform orthography (1918)

Etymology

Inherited from Old East Slavic кромѣ (kromě, “outside”), old locative case of крома́ (kromá, “partition”), from Proto-Slavic *kroma (“edge, boundary”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈkromʲe]

• Audio:

  (file)

Preposition

кро́ме • (króme) [with genitive]

1. except, besides
   • 1831, Александр Пушкин [Alexander Pushkin], Рославлев; English translation from Richard Pevear and Larissa Volokhonsky, transl., Roslavlev, New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 2016:

     В библиоте́ке не бы́ло ни одно́й ру́сской кни́ги, кро́ме сочине́ний Сумаро́кова, кото́рых Поли́на никогда́ не раскрыва́ла.

     V bibliotéke ne býlo ni odnój rússkoj knígi, króme sočinénij Sumarókova, kotóryx Polína nikogdá ne raskryvála.

     There was not a single Russian book in the library, except for the works of Sumarokov, which Polina never opened.

Derived terms

• кро́ме того́ (króme tovó)

Related terms

• кро́мка f (krómka)
• кроме́шный (kroméšnyj)
• укро́мный (ukrómnyj)

Descendants

• → Ingrian: krome