ψυδρός

Ancient Greek

Alternative forms

• ψυδνός (psudnós)

Etymology

Related to ψευδής (pseudḗs, “false, untrue”) and ψύθος (psúthos, “lie, untruth”). The zero grade found in this word agrees with Armenian սուտ (sut, “false; lie”). Clackson is inclined to believe the proposal that the Greek word is related to Proto-Indo-European *bʰes- (“wind”), like ψύχω (psúkhō, “to breathe, blow”); semantic parallels would be ψίθυρος (psíthuros, “whispering, slanderous”) and ψύδραξ (psúdrax, “pustule, blister”). However, according to Beekes, Pre-Greek origin is a better explanation.

Pronunciation

 

• IPA^(key): /psy.drós/ → /psyˈðros/ → /psiˈðros/

• (5^th BCE Attic) IPA^(key): /psy.drós/
• (1^st CE Egyptian) IPA^(key): /psyˈdros/
• (4^th CE Koine) IPA^(key): /psyˈðros/
• (10^th CE Byzantine) IPA^(key): /psyˈðros/
• (15^th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA^(key): /psiˈðros/

Adjective

ψῠδρός • (psŭdrós) m (feminine ψῠδρᾱ́, neuter ψῠδρόν); first/second declension

1. false, lying, untrue

   Synonym: ψευδής (pseudḗs)

Inflection

First and second declension of ψῠδρός; ψῠδρᾱ́; ψῠδρόν (Attic)

Number		Singular				Dual				Plural
Case/Gender		Masculine	Feminine	Neuter		Masculine	Feminine	Neuter		Masculine	Feminine	Neuter
Nominative		ψῠδρός psŭdrós	ψῠδρᾱ́ psŭdrā́	ψῠδρόν psŭdrón		ψῠδρώ psŭdrṓ	ψῠδρᾱ́ psŭdrā́	ψῠδρώ psŭdrṓ		ψῠδροί psŭdroí	ψῠδραί psŭdraí	ψῠδρᾰ́ psŭdrắ
Genitive		ψῠδροῦ psŭdroû	ψῠδρᾶς psŭdrâs	ψῠδροῦ psŭdroû		ψῠδροῖν psŭdroîn	ψῠδραῖν psŭdraîn	ψῠδροῖν psŭdroîn		ψῠδρῶν psŭdrôn	ψῠδρῶν psŭdrôn	ψῠδρῶν psŭdrôn
Dative		ψῠδρῷ psŭdrôi	ψῠδρᾷ psŭdrâi	ψῠδρῷ psŭdrôi		ψῠδροῖν psŭdroîn	ψῠδραῖν psŭdraîn	ψῠδροῖν psŭdroîn		ψῠδροῖς psŭdroîs	ψῠδραῖς psŭdraîs	ψῠδροῖς psŭdroîs
Accusative		ψῠδρόν psŭdrón	ψῠδρᾱ́ν psŭdrā́n	ψῠδρόν psŭdrón		ψῠδρώ psŭdrṓ	ψῠδρᾱ́ psŭdrā́	ψῠδρώ psŭdrṓ		ψῠδρούς psŭdroús	ψῠδρᾱ́ς psŭdrā́s	ψῠδρᾰ́ psŭdrắ
Vocative		ψῠδρέ psŭdré	ψῠδρᾱ́ psŭdrā́	ψῠδρόν psŭdrón		ψῠδρώ psŭdrṓ	ψῠδρᾱ́ psŭdrā́	ψῠδρώ psŭdrṓ		ψῠδροί psŭdroí	ψῠδραί psŭdraí	ψῠδρᾰ́ psŭdrắ
Derived forms		Adverb				Comparative				Superlative
		ψῠδρῶς psŭdrôs				ψῠδρότερος psŭdróteros				ψῠδρότᾰτος psŭdrótătos
Notes:		This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For declension in other dialects, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal declension.

Derived terms

• ψῠδρεύς (psŭdreús)

Further reading

• “ψυδρός”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• ψυδρός in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
• Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN