τρύω
Appearance
Ancient Greek
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From a zero-grade of Proto-Indo-European *trewH- (“to rub”), and cognate with Proto-Slavic *tryti (“idem”), Lithuanian trūnė́ti (“to spoil, putrefy, deacay”).[1] The root is often taken as an extension of the more traditionally-reconstructed Proto-Indo-European *terh₁- (“to rub, pierce”), though this appears uncertain.
Pronunciation
[edit]- (5th BCE Attic) IPA(key): /try̌ː.ɔː/
- (1st CE Egyptian) IPA(key): /ˈtry.o/
- (4th CE Koine) IPA(key): /ˈtry.o/
- (10th CE Byzantine) IPA(key): /ˈtry.o/
- (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA(key): /ˈtri.o/
Verb
[edit]τρῡ́ω • (trū́ō)
Conjugation
[edit] Present: τρῡ́ω, τρῡ́ομαι
number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
active | indicative | τρῡ́ω | τρῡ́εις | τρῡ́ει | τρῡ́ετον | τρῡ́ετον | τρῡ́ομεν | τρῡ́ετε | τρῡ́ουσῐ(ν) | ||||
subjunctive | τρῡ́ω | τρῡ́ῃς | τρῡ́ῃ | τρῡ́ητον | τρῡ́ητον | τρῡ́ωμεν | τρῡ́ητε | τρῡ́ωσῐ(ν) | |||||
optative | τρῡ́οιμῐ | τρῡ́οις | τρῡ́οι | τρῡ́οιτον | τρῡοίτην | τρῡ́οιμεν | τρῡ́οιτε | τρῡ́οιεν | |||||
imperative | τρῦε | τρῡέτω | τρῡ́ετον | τρῡέτων | τρῡ́ετε | τρῡόντων | |||||||
middle/ passive |
indicative | τρῡ́ομαι | τρῡ́ῃ, τρῡ́ει |
τρῡ́εται | τρῡ́εσθον | τρῡ́εσθον | τρῡόμεθᾰ | τρῡ́εσθε | τρῡ́ονται | ||||
subjunctive | τρῡ́ωμαι | τρῡ́ῃ | τρῡ́ηται | τρῡ́ησθον | τρῡ́ησθον | τρῡώμεθᾰ | τρῡ́ησθε | τρῡ́ωνται | |||||
optative | τρῡοίμην | τρῡ́οιο | τρῡ́οιτο | τρῡ́οισθον | τρῡοίσθην | τρῡοίμεθᾰ | τρῡ́οισθε | τρῡ́οιντο | |||||
imperative | τρῡ́ου | τρῡέσθω | τρῡ́εσθον | τρῡέσθων | τρῡ́εσθε | τρῡέσθων | |||||||
active | middle/passive | ||||||||||||
infinitive | τρῡ́ειν | τρῡ́εσθαι | |||||||||||
participle | m | τρῡ́ων | τρῡόμενος | ||||||||||
f | τρῡ́ουσᾰ | τρῡομένη | |||||||||||
n | τρῦον | τρῡόμενον | |||||||||||
Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
|
number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
active | indicative | τρῡ́σω | τρῡ́σεις | τρῡ́σει | τρῡ́σετον | τρῡ́σετον | τρῡ́σομεν | τρῡ́σετε | τρῡ́σουσῐ(ν) | ||||
optative | τρῡ́σοιμῐ | τρῡ́σοις | τρῡ́σοι | τρῡ́σοιτον | τρῡσοίτην | τρῡ́σοιμεν | τρῡ́σοιτε | τρῡ́σοιεν | |||||
middle | indicative | τρῡ́σομαι | τρῡ́σῃ, τρῡ́σει |
τρῡ́σεται | τρῡ́σεσθον | τρῡ́σεσθον | τρῡσόμεθᾰ | τρῡ́σεσθε | τρῡ́σονται | ||||
optative | τρῡσοίμην | τρῡ́σοιο | τρῡ́σοιτο | τρῡ́σοισθον | τρῡσοίσθην | τρῡσοίμεθᾰ | τρῡ́σοισθε | τρῡ́σοιντο | |||||
active | middle | ||||||||||||
infinitive | τρῡ́σειν | τρῡ́σεσθαι | |||||||||||
participle | m | τρῡ́σων | τρῡσόμενος | ||||||||||
f | τρῡ́σουσᾰ | τρῡσομένη | |||||||||||
n | τρῦσον | τρῡσόμενον | |||||||||||
Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
|
Perfect: τέτρῡμαι
number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
middle/ passive |
indicative | τέτρῡμαι | τέτρῡσαι | τέτρῡται | τέτρῡσθον | τέτρῡσθον | τετρῡ́μεθᾰ | τέτρῡσθε | τέτρῡνται | ||||
subjunctive | τετρῡμένος ὦ | τετρῡμένος ᾖς | τετρῡμένος ᾖ | τετρῡμένω ἦτον | τετρῡμένω ἦτον | τετρῡμένοι ὦμεν | τετρῡμένοι ἦτε | τετρῡμένοι ὦσῐ(ν) | |||||
optative | τετρῡμένος εἴην | τετρῡμένος εἴης | τετρῡμένος εἴη | τετρῡμένω εἴητον/εἶτον | τετρῡμένω εἰήτην/εἴτην | τετρῡμένοι εἴημεν/εἶμεν | τετρῡμένοι εἴητε/εἶτε | τετρῡμένοι εἴησᾰν/εἶεν | |||||
imperative | τέτρῡσο | τετρῡ́σθω | τέτρῡσθον | τετρῡ́σθων | τέτρῡσθε | τετρῡ́σθων | |||||||
middle/passive | |||||||||||||
infinitive | τετρῦσθαι | ||||||||||||
participle | m | τετρῡμένος | |||||||||||
f | τετρῡμένη | ||||||||||||
n | τετρῡμένον | ||||||||||||
Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
|
Derived terms
[edit]- Ἀμφιτρῡ́ων (Amphitrū́ōn)
- Ἀτρῡτώνη (Atrūtṓnē)
- τρῦσις (trûsis)
- τρῡτάνη (trūtánē)
Descendants
[edit]- →⇒ Translingual: Xylotrya
References
[edit]- ^ Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “τρύω”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 1514
Further reading
[edit]- τρύω in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
- “τρύω”, in ΛΟΓΕΙΟΝ [Logeion] Dictionaries for Ancient Greek and Latin (in English, French, Spanish, German, Dutch and Chinese), University of Chicago, since 2011
- “τρύω”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- Woodhouse, S. C. (1910) English–Greek Dictionary: A Vocabulary of the Attic Language[1], London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Limited.
- “τρύω”, in ΛΟΓΕΙΟΝ [Logeion] Dictionaries for Ancient Greek and Latin (in English, French, Spanish, German, Dutch and Chinese), University of Chicago, since 2011