σῶς

See also: σως

Ancient Greek

Alternative forms

• σόος (sóos), σῶος (sôos), σῷος (sôios), σαός (saós)

Etymology

Perhaps from Proto-Hellenic *twáwos or similar, from Proto-Indo-European *tweh₂-, metathesis of *tewh₂- (“to be strong, whole”). Beekes suggests the original word was *sáus (*σαυς), which thematicized to *sáwos (*σάϝος).

Compare Old Armenian քաւ (kʻaw, “expiation”). Related to σάλος (sálos), σῶμα (sôma), σωρός (sōrós).

Adjective

σῶς • (sôs) m or f (neuter σῶν); second declension or
σῶς • (sôs) m (feminine σᾶ, neuter σῶν); first/second declension

1. safe and sound, alive and well

Declension

When declined as a two-ending adjective, the masculine forms serve as feminine as well.

First and second declension of σῶς; σᾶ; σῶν (Attic)

Number		Singular				Dual				Plural
Case/Gender		Masculine	Feminine	Neuter		Masculine	Feminine	Neuter		Masculine	Feminine	Neuter
Nominative		σῶς / σόος sôs / sóos	σᾶ / σόη sâ / sóē	σῶν / σόον sôn / sóon		σόω sóō	σόᾱ sóā	σόω sóō		σῷ / σοῖ / σόοι sôi / soî / sóoi	σόαι sóai	σᾶ / σόα sâ / sóa
Genitive		σόου sóou	σόης sóēs	σόου sóou		σόοιν sóoin	σόαιν sóain	σόοιν sóoin		σόων sóōn	σόων sóōn	σόων sóōn
Dative		σόῳ sóōi	σόῃ sóēi	σόῳ sóōi		σόοιν sóoin	σόαιν sóain	σόοιν sóoin		σόοις sóois	σόαις sóais	σόοις sóois
Accusative		σῶν / σόον sôn / sóon	σόην sóēn	σῶν / σόον sôn / sóon		σόω sóō	σόᾱ sóā	σόω sóō		σῶς sôs	σόᾱς sóās	σᾶ / σόα sâ / sóa
Vocative		σόε sóe	σᾶ / σόη sâ / sóē	σῶν / σόον sôn / sóon		σόω sóō	σόᾱ sóā	σόω sóō		σῷ / σοῖ / σόοι sôi / soî / sóoi	σόαι sóai	σᾶ / σόα sâ / sóa
Derived forms		Adverb				Comparative				Superlative
		σόως sóōs				σαώτερος saṓteros				σοώτᾰτος soṓtătos
Notes:		This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For declension in other dialects, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal declension.

Derived terms

• σῴζω (sṓizō)
• Σωκράτης (Sōkrátēs)
• σώσανδρον (sṓsandron)
• Σωσίας (Sōsías)
• Σωστράτη (Sōstrátē)
• Σώστρατος (Sṓstratos)
• σωτήρ (sōtḗr)
• σώφρων (sṓphrōn)

Further reading

• “σῶς”, in Autenrieth, Georg (1891) A Homeric Dictionary for Schools and Colleges, New York: Harper and Brothers
• σῶς in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
• σῶς in Cunliffe, Richard J. (1924) A Lexicon of the Homeric Dialect: Expanded Edition, Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, published 1963
• “σῶς”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “σῶς”, in Slater, William J. (1969) Lexicon to Pindar, Berlin: Walter de Gruyter
• Woodhouse, S. C. (1910) English–Greek Dictionary: A Vocabulary of the Attic Language‎^[1], London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Limited.
  • safe idem, page 730.
  • scathless idem, page 738.
  • secure idem, page 747.
  • unharmed idem, page 920.
  • unhurt idem, page 921.
  • unimpaired idem, page 921.
  • uninjured idem, page 922.
  • unscathed idem, page 931.
  • unwounded idem, page 937.
  • whole idem, page 977.