σοφίζω
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Ancient Greek
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From σοφός (sophós, “skilled, wise”) + -ίζω (-ízō).
Pronunciation
[edit]- (5th BCE Attic) IPA(key): /so.pʰíz.dɔː/
- (1st CE Egyptian) IPA(key): /soˈpʰi.zo/
- (4th CE Koine) IPA(key): /soˈɸi.zo/
- (10th CE Byzantine) IPA(key): /soˈfi.zo/
- (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA(key): /soˈfi.zo/
Verb
[edit]σοφίζω • (sophízō)
- to make wise, instruct
- New Testament, Second Epistle to Timothy 3:15:
- τὰ δυνάμενά σε σοφίσαι εἰς σωτηρίαν διὰ πίστεως
- tà dunámená se sophísai eis sōtērían dià písteōs
- which are able to make you wise for salvation through faith
- τὰ δυνάμενά σε σοφίσαι εἰς σωτηρίαν διὰ πίστεως
- (passive voice) to become wise, clever, skilled
- 750 BCE – 650 BCE, Hesiod, Works and Days 649:
- οὔτε τι ναυτιλίης σεσοφισμένος οὔτε τι νηῶν
- oúte ti nautilíēs sesophisménos oúte ti nēôn
- though I have no skill in sea-faring nor in ships
- οὔτε τι ναυτιλίης σεσοφισμένος οὔτε τι νηῶν
- 430 BCE – 354 BCE, Xenophon, Cynegeticus 13.6:
- ὅτι ἐν τοῖς ὀνόμασι σοφίζονται, οὐκ ἐν τοῖς νοήμασιν
- hóti en toîs onómasi sophízontai, ouk en toîs noḗmasin
- because they profess wisdom of words and not of thoughts
- ὅτι ἐν τοῖς ὀνόμασι σοφίζονται, οὐκ ἐν τοῖς νοήμασιν
- (middle voice) to teach oneself, learn
- (middle voice) to practice an art; to be subtle; to speculate
- 405 BCE, Euripides, The Bacchae 200:
- οὐδὲν σοφιζόμεσθα τοῖσι δαίμοσιν.
- oudèn sophizómestha toîsi daímosin.
- We use no subtleties in dealing with the gods.
- οὐδὲν σοφιζόμεσθα τοῖσι δαίμοσιν.
- 428 BCE – 347 BCE, Plato, The Statesman 299b:
- καὶ σοφιζόμενος ὁτιοῦν περὶ τὰ τοιαῦτα
- kaì sophizómenos hotioûn perì tà toiaûta
- or to be indulging in any speculation whatsoever on such matters
- καὶ σοφιζόμενος ὁτιοῦν περὶ τὰ τοιαῦτα
- (with accusative) to devise skillfully
- 409 BCE, Sophocles, Philoctetes 77:
- ἀλλ’ αὐτὸ τοῦτο δεῖ σοφισθῆναι
- all’ autò toûto deî sophisthênai
- this is the very thing one must gain by craft
- ἀλλ’ αὐτὸ τοῦτο δεῖ σοφισθῆναι
- (with accusative of person) to deceive
- 75 CE, Josephus, The Jewish War 4.2.3:
- τοιούτοις ἐσοφίζετο τὸν Τίτον
- toioútois esophízeto tòn Títon
- Thus did this man put a trick upon Titus
- τοιούτοις ἐσοφίζετο τὸν Τίτον
Inflection
[edit] Present: σοφῐ́ζω, σοφῐ́ζομαι
Imperfect: ἐσόφῐζον, ἐσοφῐζόμην
number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
active | indicative | ἐσόφῐζον | ἐσόφῐζες | ἐσόφῐζε(ν) | ἐσοφῐ́ζετον | ἐσοφῐζέτην | ἐσοφῐ́ζομεν | ἐσοφῐ́ζετε | ἐσόφῐζον | ||||
middle/ passive |
indicative | ἐσοφῐζόμην | ἐσοφῐ́ζου | ἐσοφῐ́ζετο | ἐσοφῐ́ζεσθον | ἐσοφῐζέσθην | ἐσοφῐζόμεθᾰ | ἐσοφῐ́ζεσθε | ἐσοφῐ́ζοντο | ||||
Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
|
Perfect: σεσόφῐκᾰ, σεσόφῐσμαι
Pluperfect: ἐσεσοφῐ́κειν, ἐσεσοφῐ́σμην
number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
active | indicative | ἐσεσοφῐ́κειν, ἐσεσοφῐ́κη |
ἐσεσοφῐ́κεις, ἐσεσοφῐ́κης |
ἐσεσοφῐ́κει(ν) | ἐσεσοφῐ́κετον | ἐσεσοφῐκέτην | ἐσεσοφῐ́κεμεν | ἐσεσοφῐ́κετε | ἐσεσοφῐ́κεσᾰν | ||||
middle/ passive |
indicative | ἐσεσοφῐ́σμην | ἐσεσόφῐσο | ἐσεσόφῐστο | ἐσεσόφῐσθον | ἐσεσοφῐ́σθην | ἐσεσοφῐ́σμεθᾰ | ἐσεσόφῐσθε | ἐσεσοφῐ́σᾰτο | ||||
Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
|
Synonyms
[edit]- σοφῐστῐάω (sophistiáō, “play the sophist”)
- σοφῐ́στεύω (sophísteúō, “play the sophist, instruct”)
- σοφόω (sophóō, “σοφίζω, make wise, instruct, devise”)
Derived terms
[edit]- ἀντῐσοφίζομαι (antisophízomai)
- ἀσόφῐστος (asóphistos)
- δῐᾰσοφίζομαι (diasophízomai)
- ἐπῐσοφίζομαι (episophízomai)
- κᾰτᾰσοφίζομαι (katasophízomai)
- πᾰρᾰσοφίζομαι (parasophízomai)
- περισοφίζομαι (perisophízomai)
Related terms
[edit]- σόφῐσμᾰ (sóphisma)
- σοφῐσμός (sophismós)
- σοφῐστείᾱ (sophisteíā)
- σοφῐστέον (sophistéon)
- σοφῐστήρῐον (sophistḗrion)
- σοφῐστής (sophistḗs)
- σοφῐστῐάω (sophistiáō)
- σοφῐστῐκός (sophistikós)
References
[edit]- “σοφίζω”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- σοφίζω in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
- Bauer, Walter et al. (2001) A Greek–English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature, Third edition, Chicago: University of Chicago Press
- G4679 in Strong, James (1979) Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance to the Bible