πινυτός

Ancient Greek

Alternative forms

• πνυτός (pnutós)

Etymology

The relation between the relevant forms has not been satisfactorily explained thus far. Older explanations take this word to have somehow developed out of a full grade form *penu-, with ε raised to ι, so as to connect the word with Latin putō (“to prune; esteem, consider”) and Proto-Slavic *pytati (“to ask, examine”), both from Proto-Indo-European *pew-. However, these attempts must be rejected for a number of reasons. First, a form *penu- is not attested; secondly, the change ε/ι is not systematic; third, the alternative form πνυτός (pnutós) is unexpected. The last variation is, however, known from Pre-Greek, and must reflect the varying rendering of a palatalized cluster. The etymon has nothing to do with πνέω (pnéō, “to breathe”).

Pronunciation

 

• IPA^(key): /pi.ny.tós/ → /pi.nyˈtos/ → /pi.niˈtos/

• (5^th BCE Attic) IPA^(key): /pi.ny.tós/
• (1^st CE Egyptian) IPA^(key): /pi.nyˈtos/
• (4^th CE Koine) IPA^(key): /pi.nyˈtos/
• (10^th CE Byzantine) IPA^(key): /pi.nyˈtos/
• (15^th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA^(key): /pi.niˈtos/

Adjective

πῐνῠτός • (pinutós) m (feminine πῐνῠτή, neuter πῐνῠτόν); first/second declension

1. prudent, discreet

Inflection

First and second declension of πῐνῠτός; πῐνῠτή; πῐνῠτόν (Attic)

Number		Singular				Dual				Plural
Case/Gender		Masculine	Feminine	Neuter		Masculine	Feminine	Neuter		Masculine	Feminine	Neuter
Nominative		πῐνῠτός pinutós	πῐνῠτή pinutḗ	πῐνῠτόν pinutón		πῐνῠτώ pinutṓ	πῐνῠτᾱ́ pinutā́	πῐνῠτώ pinutṓ		πῐνῠτοί pinutoí	πῐνῠταί pinutaí	πῐνῠτᾰ́ pinutá
Genitive		πῐνῠτοῦ pinutoû	πῐνῠτῆς pinutês	πῐνῠτοῦ pinutoû		πῐνῠτοῖν pinutoîn	πῐνῠταῖν pinutaîn	πῐνῠτοῖν pinutoîn		πῐνῠτῶν pinutôn	πῐνῠτῶν pinutôn	πῐνῠτῶν pinutôn
Dative		πῐνῠτῷ pinutôi	πῐνῠτῇ pinutêi	πῐνῠτῷ pinutôi		πῐνῠτοῖν pinutoîn	πῐνῠταῖν pinutaîn	πῐνῠτοῖν pinutoîn		πῐνῠτοῖς pinutoîs	πῐνῠταῖς pinutaîs	πῐνῠτοῖς pinutoîs
Accusative		πῐνῠτόν pinutón	πῐνῠτήν pinutḗn	πῐνῠτόν pinutón		πῐνῠτώ pinutṓ	πῐνῠτᾱ́ pinutā́	πῐνῠτώ pinutṓ		πῐνῠτούς pinutoús	πῐνῠτᾱ́ς pinutā́s	πῐνῠτᾰ́ pinutá
Vocative		πῐνῠτέ pinuté	πῐνῠτή pinutḗ	πῐνῠτόν pinutón		πῐνῠτώ pinutṓ	πῐνῠτᾱ́ pinutā́	πῐνῠτώ pinutṓ		πῐνῠτοί pinutoí	πῐνῠταί pinutaí	πῐνῠτᾰ́ pinutá
Derived forms		Adverb				Comparative				Superlative
		πῐνῠτῶς pinutôs				πῐνῠτώτερος pinutṓteros				πῐνῠτώτᾰτος pinutṓtatos
Notes:		This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For declension in other dialects, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal declension.

Derived terms

• πίνυσις (pínusis)
• πινύσσω (pinússō)
• πινυτή (pinutḗ)
• πινυτής (pinutḗs)
• πινυτότης (pinutótēs)
• πινυτόφρων (pinutóphrōn)

 

Further reading

• “πινυτός”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “πινυτός”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
• “πινυτός”, in Autenrieth, Georg (1891) A Homeric Dictionary for Schools and Colleges, New York: Harper and Brothers
• πινυτός in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
• πινυτός in Cunliffe, Richard J. (1924) A Lexicon of the Homeric Dialect: Expanded Edition, Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, published 1963
• Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN