περίφρων

Ancient Greek

Etymology

From περῐ- (peri-, “beyond”) +‎ -φρων (-phrōn, suffix for adjectives relating to the mind or emotions).

Pronunciation

 

• IPA^(key): /pe.rí.pʰrɔːn/ → /peˈri.ɸron/ → /peˈri.fron/

• (5^th BCE Attic) IPA^(key): /pe.rí.pʰrɔːn/
• (1^st CE Egyptian) IPA^(key): /peˈri.pʰron/
• (4^th CE Koine) IPA^(key): /peˈri.ɸron/
• (10^th CE Byzantine) IPA^(key): /peˈri.fron/
• (15^th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA^(key): /peˈri.fron/

Adjective

περῐ́φρων • (períphrōn) m or f (neuter —); third declension

1. (Homeric epithet of Penelope and other women) having very good sense, wise, sagacious, prudent
   • 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Odyssey 1.328–329:

     τοῦ δ’ ὑπερωϊόθεν φρεσὶ σύνθετο θέσπιν ἀοιδὴν
     κούρη Ῑ̓καρίοιο, περίφρων Πηνελόπεια:

     toû d’ huperōïóthen phresì súntheto théspin aoidḕn
     koúrē Īkaríoio, períphrōn Pēnelópeia:

     From upstairs, she listened in her mind to [the singer's] inspired song:
     Ikarius's girl, prudent Penelope.

2. (later) excessively confident, haughty

Inflection

Third declension of ὁ, ἡ περῐ́φρων; τοῦ, τῆς περῐ́φρονος (Attic)

Case / #	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	ὁ, ἡ περῐ́φρων ho, hē períphrōn	τὼ περῐ́φρονε tṑ períphrone	οἱ, αἱ περῐ́φρονες hoi, hai períphrones
Genitive	τοῦ, τῆς περῐ́φρονος toû, tês períphronos	τοῖν περῐφρόνοιν toîn periphrónoin	τῶν περῐφρόνων tôn periphrónōn
Dative	τῷ, τῇ περῐ́φρονῐ tôi, têi períphroni	τοῖν περῐφρόνοιν toîn periphrónoin	τοῖς, ταῖς περῐ́φροσῐ / περῐ́φροσῐν toîs, taîs períphrosi(n)
Accusative	τὸν, τὴν περῐ́φρονᾰ tòn, tḕn períphrona	τὼ περῐ́φρονε tṑ períphrone	τοὺς, τᾱ̀ς περῐ́φρονᾰς toùs, tā̀s períphronas
Vocative	περῐ́φρον períphron	περῐ́φρονε períphrone	περῐ́φρονες períphrones
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For declension in other dialects, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal declension.

References

• “περίφρων”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “περίφρων”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
• “περίφρων”, in Autenrieth, Georg (1891) A Homeric Dictionary for Schools and Colleges, New York: Harper and Brothers
• περίφρων in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
• περίφρων in Cunliffe, Richard J. (1924) A Lexicon of the Homeric Dialect: Expanded Edition, Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, published 1963