μαστιχάω

Ancient Greek

Etymology

Related to μασάομαι (masáomai), of unknown origin. Traditionally, cognate with Latin mandō (“I chew”), from Proto-Indo-European *mendʰ- (“to chew”), but the correspondence is irregular and the suffix is reminiscent of Pre-Greek.^[1]

This etymology is incomplete. You can help Wiktionary by elaborating on the origins of this term.

Pronunciation

(5^th BCE Attic) IPA^(key): /mas.ti.kʰá.ɔː/
(1^st CE Egyptian) IPA^(key): /mas.tiˈkʰa.o/
(4^th CE Koine) IPA^(key): /mas.tiˈxa.o/
(10^th CE Byzantine) IPA^(key): /mas.tiˈxa.o/
(15^th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA^(key): /mas.tiˈxa.o/

Verb

μᾰστῐχᾰ́ω • (mastikháō)

to grind the teeth

Inflection

Present: μᾰστῐχᾰ́ω (Uncontracted)

number		singular			dual		plural
		first	second	third	second	third	first	second	third
active	indicative	μᾰστῐχᾰ́ω	μᾰστῐχᾰ́εις	μᾰστῐχᾰ́ει	μᾰστῐχᾰ́ετον	μᾰστῐχᾰ́ετον	μᾰστῐχᾰ́ομεν	μᾰστῐχᾰ́ετε	μᾰστῐχᾰ́ουσῐ(ν)
	subjunctive	μᾰστῐχᾰ́ω	μᾰστῐχᾰ́ῃς	μᾰστῐχᾰ́ῃ	μᾰστῐχᾰ́ητον	μᾰστῐχᾰ́ητον	μᾰστῐχᾰ́ωμεν	μᾰστῐχᾰ́ητε	μᾰστῐχᾰ́ωσῐ(ν)
	optative	μᾰστῐχᾰ́οιμῐ	μᾰστῐχᾰ́οις	μᾰστῐχᾰ́οι	μᾰστῐχᾰ́οιτον	μᾰστῐχᾰοίτην	μᾰστῐχᾰ́οιμεν	μᾰστῐχᾰ́οιτε	μᾰστῐχᾰ́οιεν
	imperative		μᾰστῐ́χᾰε	μᾰστῐχᾰέτω	μᾰστῐχᾰ́ετον	μᾰστῐχᾰέτων		μᾰστῐχᾰ́ετε	μᾰστῐχᾰόντων
		active
infinitive		μᾰστῐχᾰ́ειν
participle	m	μᾰστῐχᾰ́ων
	f	μᾰστῐχᾰ́ουσᾰ
	n	μᾰστῐχᾰ́ον
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.

Present: μᾰστῐχῶ (Contracted)

number		singular			dual		plural
		first	second	third	second	third	first	second	third
active	indicative	μᾰστῐχῶ	μᾰστῐχᾷς	μᾰστῐχᾷ	μᾰστῐχᾶτον	μᾰστῐχᾶτον	μᾰστῐχῶμεν	μᾰστῐχᾶτε	μᾰστῐχῶσῐ(ν)
	subjunctive	μᾰστῐχῶ	μᾰστῐχᾷς	μᾰστῐχᾷ	μᾰστῐχᾶτον	μᾰστῐχᾶτον	μᾰστῐχῶμεν	μᾰστῐχᾶτε	μᾰστῐχῶσῐ(ν)
	optative	μᾰστῐχῴην, μᾰστῐχῷμῐ	μᾰστῐχῴης, μᾰστῐχῷς	μᾰστῐχῴη, μᾰστῐχῷ	μᾰστῐχῷτον, μᾰστῐχῴητον	μᾰστῐχῴτην, μᾰστῐχῳήτην	μᾰστῐχῷμεν, μᾰστῐχῴημεν	μᾰστῐχῷτε, μᾰστῐχῴητε	μᾰστῐχῷεν, μᾰστῐχῴησᾰν
	imperative		μᾰστῐ́χᾱ	μᾰστῐχᾱ́τω	μᾰστῐχᾶτον	μᾰστῐχᾱ́των		μᾰστῐχᾶτε	μᾰστῐχώντων
		active
infinitive		μᾰστῐχᾶν
participle	m	μᾰστῐχῶν
	f	μᾰστῐχῶσᾰ
	n	μᾰστῐχῶν
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.

Imperfect: ἐμᾰστῐ́χᾰον (Uncontracted)

number		singular			dual		plural
		first	second	third	second	third	first	second	third
active	indicative	ἐμᾰστῐ́χᾰον	ἐμᾰστῐ́χᾰες	ἐμᾰστῐ́χᾰε(ν)	ἐμᾰστῐχᾰ́ετον	ἐμᾰστῐχᾰέτην	ἐμᾰστῐχᾰ́ομεν	ἐμᾰστῐχᾰ́ετε	ἐμᾰστῐ́χᾰον
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.

Imperfect: ἐμᾰστῐ́χων (Contracted)

number		singular			dual		plural
		first	second	third	second	third	first	second	third
active	indicative	ἐμᾰστῐ́χων	ἐμᾰστῐ́χᾱς	ἐμᾰστῐ́χᾱ	ἐμᾰστῐχᾶτον	ἐμᾰστῐχᾱ́την	ἐμᾰστῐχῶμεν	ἐμᾰστῐχᾶτε	ἐμᾰστῐ́χων
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.

Future: μᾰστῐχήσω

number		singular			dual		plural
		first	second	third	second	third	first	second	third
active	indicative	μᾰστῐχήσω	μᾰστῐχήσεις	μᾰστῐχήσει	μᾰστῐχήσετον	μᾰστῐχήσετον	μᾰστῐχήσομεν	μᾰστῐχήσετε	μᾰστῐχήσουσῐ(ν)
active	optative	μᾰστῐχήσοιμῐ	μᾰστῐχήσοις	μᾰστῐχήσοι	μᾰστῐχήσοιτον	μᾰστῐχησοίτην	μᾰστῐχήσοιμεν	μᾰστῐχήσοιτε	μᾰστῐχήσοιεν
		active
infinitive		μᾰστῐχήσειν
participle	m	μᾰστῐχήσων
	f	μᾰστῐχήσουσᾰ
	n	μᾰστῐχῆσον
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.

Aorist: ἐμᾰστῐ́χησᾰ

number		singular			dual		plural
		first	second	third	second	third	first	second	third
active	indicative	ἐμᾰστῐ́χησᾰ	ἐμᾰστῐ́χησᾰς	ἐμᾰστῐ́χησε(ν)	ἐμᾰστῐχήσᾰτον	ἐμᾰστῐχησᾰ́την	ἐμᾰστῐχήσᾰμεν	ἐμᾰστῐχήσᾰτε	ἐμᾰστῐ́χησᾰν
	subjunctive	μᾰστῐχήσω	μᾰστῐχήσῃς	μᾰστῐχήσῃ	μᾰστῐχήσητον	μᾰστῐχήσητον	μᾰστῐχήσωμεν	μᾰστῐχήσητε	μᾰστῐχήσωσῐ(ν)
	optative	μᾰστῐχήσαιμῐ	μᾰστῐχήσειᾰς, μᾰστῐχήσαις	μᾰστῐχήσειε(ν), μᾰστῐχήσαι	μᾰστῐχήσαιτον	μᾰστῐχησαίτην	μᾰστῐχήσαιμεν	μᾰστῐχήσαιτε	μᾰστῐχήσειᾰν, μᾰστῐχήσαιεν
	imperative		μᾰστῐ́χησον	μᾰστῐχησᾰ́τω	μᾰστῐχήσᾰτον	μᾰστῐχησᾰ́των		μᾰστῐχήσᾰτε	μᾰστῐχησᾰ́ντων
		active
infinitive		μᾰστῐχῆσαι
participle	m	μᾰστῐχήσᾱς
	f	μᾰστῐχήσᾱσᾰ
	n	μᾰστῐχῆσᾰν
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.

Perfect: μεμᾰστῐ́χηκᾰ

number		singular			dual		plural
		first	second	third	second	third	first	second	third
active	indicative	μεμᾰστῐ́χηκᾰ	μεμᾰστῐ́χηκᾰς	μεμᾰστῐ́χηκε(ν)	μεμᾰστῐχήκᾰτον	μεμᾰστῐχήκᾰτον	μεμᾰστῐχήκᾰμεν	μεμᾰστῐχήκᾰτε	μεμᾰστῐχήκᾱσῐ(ν)
	subjunctive	μεμᾰστῐχήκω	μεμᾰστῐχήκῃς	μεμᾰστῐχήκῃ	μεμᾰστῐχήκητον	μεμᾰστῐχήκητον	μεμᾰστῐχήκωμεν	μεμᾰστῐχήκητε	μεμᾰστῐχήκωσῐ(ν)
	optative	μεμᾰστῐχήκοιμῐ, μεμᾰστῐχηκοίην	μεμᾰστῐχήκοις, μεμᾰστῐχηκοίης	μεμᾰστῐχήκοι, μεμᾰστῐχηκοίη	μεμᾰστῐχήκοιτον	μεμᾰστῐχηκοίτην	μεμᾰστῐχήκοιμεν	μεμᾰστῐχήκοιτε	μεμᾰστῐχήκοιεν
	imperative		μεμᾰστῐ́χηκε	μεμᾰστῐχηκέτω	μεμᾰστῐχήκετον	μεμᾰστῐχηκέτων		μεμᾰστῐχήκετε	μεμᾰστῐχηκόντων
		active
infinitive		μεμᾰστῐχηκέναι
participle	m	μεμᾰστῐχηκώς
	f	μεμᾰστῐχηκυῖᾰ
	n	μεμᾰστῐχηκός
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.

Pluperfect: ἐμεμᾰστῐχήκειν

number		singular			dual		plural
		first	second	third	second	third	first	second	third
active	indicative	ἐμεμᾰστῐχήκειν, ἐμεμᾰστῐχήκη	ἐμεμᾰστῐχήκεις, ἐμεμᾰστῐχήκης	ἐμεμᾰστῐχήκει(ν)	ἐμεμᾰστῐχήκετον	ἐμεμᾰστῐχηκέτην	ἐμεμᾰστῐχήκεμεν	ἐμεμᾰστῐχήκετε	ἐμεμᾰστῐχήκεσᾰν
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.

Derived terms

μαστίχη (mastíkhē)

Descendants

→ Latin: masticō (see there for further descendants)

References

^ Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “μασάομαι”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 909

“μαστιχάω”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
“μαστιχάω”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
μαστιχάω in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette

[1] Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “μασάομαι”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 909

[1]