λύγος

Ancient Greek

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *lewg- (“to bend, twist”). Cognate with Proto-Germanic *luką (“lock”), Sanskrit रुग्ण (rugṇá, “bent, broken”), Latin luctor (“I wrestle”) and Latin luxus (“dislocated”).

Pronunciation

 

• IPA^(key): /lý.ɡos/ → /ˈly.ɣos/ → /ˈli.ɣos/

• (5^th BCE Attic) IPA^(key): /lý.ɡos/
• (1^st CE Egyptian) IPA^(key): /ˈly.ɡos/
• (4^th CE Koine) IPA^(key): /ˈly.ɣos/
• (10^th CE Byzantine) IPA^(key): /ˈly.ɣos/
• (15^th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA^(key): /ˈli.ɣos/

Noun

λύγος • (lúgos) f (genitive λύγου); second declension

1. chaste tree (Vitex agnus-castus)

   Synonym: ἄγνος (ágnos)

2. flexible twig, withe

Declension

Second declension of ἡ λῠ́γος; τῆς λῠ́γου (Attic)

Case / #	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	ἡ λῠ́γος hē lúgos	τὼ λῠ́γω tṑ lúgō	αἱ λῠ́γοι hai lúgoi
Genitive	τῆς λῠ́γου tês lúgou	τοῖν λῠ́γοιν toîn lúgoin	τῶν λῠ́γων tôn lúgōn
Dative	τῇ λῠ́γῳ têi lúgōi	τοῖν λῠ́γοιν toîn lúgoin	ταῖς λῠ́γοις taîs lúgois
Accusative	τὴν λῠ́γον tḕn lúgon	τὼ λῠ́γω tṑ lúgō	τᾱ̀ς λῠ́γους tā̀s lúgous
Vocative	λῠ́γε lúge	λῠ́γω lúgō	λῠ́γοι lúgoi
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For declension in other dialects, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal declension.

Derived terms

• λυγέα (lugéa)
• λύγινος (lúginos)
• λύγιον (lúgion)
• λυγόω (lugóō)
• λυγώδης (lugṓdēs)

 

Descendants

• → Latin: lygos

Further reading

• “λύγος”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• λύγος in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
• Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN