κίρκος

Ancient Greek

Etymology

Compare κρέξ (kréx, “crane, crex”) and κρίκος (kríkos, “ring”) for the "hawk" and "circle" meanings respectively (the different senses may well be of different origin).^[1]

Pronunciation

(5^th BCE Attic) IPA^(key): /kír.kos/
(1^st CE Egyptian) IPA^(key): /ˈkir.kos/
(4^th CE Koine) IPA^(key): /ˈcir.kos/
(10^th CE Byzantine) IPA^(key): /ˈcir.kos/
(15^th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA^(key): /ˈcir.kos/

Noun

κίρκος • (kírkos) m (genitive κίρκου); second declension

type of hawk or falcon
type of wolf
circle, ring
racecourse, circus
type of stone
(Hesychius) κωπηλάτης (kōpēlátēs, “rower”)
(Hesychius) ἡ τοῦ αἰγείρου βλάστησις (hē toû aigeírou blástēsis, “sprouting of the black poplar”)

Inflection

Second declension of ὁ κῐ́ρκος; τοῦ κῐ́ρκου (Attic)

Case / #	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	ὁ κῐ́ρκος ho kírkos	τὼ κῐ́ρκω tṑ kírkō	οἱ κῐ́ρκοι hoi kírkoi
Genitive	τοῦ κῐ́ρκου toû kírkou	τοῖν κῐ́ρκοιν toîn kírkoin	τῶν κῐ́ρκων tôn kírkōn
Dative	τῷ κῐ́ρκῳ tôi kírkōi	τοῖν κῐ́ρκοιν toîn kírkoin	τοῖς κῐ́ρκοις toîs kírkois
Accusative	τὸν κῐ́ρκον tòn kírkon	τὼ κῐ́ρκω tṑ kírkō	τοὺς κῐ́ρκους toùs kírkous
Vocative	κῐ́ρκε kírke	κῐ́ρκω kírkō	κῐ́ρκοι kírkoi
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For declension in other dialects, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal declension.

Descendants

→ Latin: circus
- → Translingual: Circus, Circaetus

References

^ Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “κίρκος”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 702

“κίρκος”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
“κίρκος”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
“κίρκος”, in Autenrieth, Georg (1891) A Homeric Dictionary for Schools and Colleges, New York: Harper and Brothers
κίρκος in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
κίρκος in Cunliffe, Richard J. (1924) A Lexicon of the Homeric Dialect: Expanded Edition, Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, published 1963
Woodhouse, S. C. (1910) English–Greek Dictionary: A Vocabulary of the Attic Language‎^[1], London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Limited.
- falcon idem, page 303.
- hawk idem, page 389.
- vulture idem, page 958.
Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN

[1] Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “κίρκος”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 702

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