κάρχαρος

Ancient Greek

Alternative forms

• κάρκαρος (kárkaros)

Etymology

Unknown, probably onomatopoeic, from an earlier reduplicated stem *kʰar-kʰar-. The variation may also indicate Pre-Greek origin.

Pronunciation

 

• IPA^(key): /kár.kʰa.ros/ → /ˈkar.xa.ros/ → /ˈkar.xa.ros/

• (5^th BCE Attic) IPA^(key): /kár.kʰa.ros/
• (1^st CE Egyptian) IPA^(key): /ˈkar.kʰa.ros/
• (4^th CE Koine) IPA^(key): /ˈkar.xa.ros/
• (10^th CE Byzantine) IPA^(key): /ˈkar.xa.ros/
• (15^th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA^(key): /ˈkar.xa.ros/

Adjective

κάρχᾰρος • (kárkhăros) m or f (neuter κάρχᾰρον); second declension or
κάρχᾰρος • (kárkhăros) m (feminine καρχάρᾱ, neuter κάρχᾰρον); first/second declension

1. sharp-pointed, jagged, with sharp or jagged teeth
2. (figurative) sharp, biting (of language)

Declension

As a two-ending adjective:

Second declension of κᾰ́ρχᾰρος; κᾰ́ρχᾰρον (Attic)

Number		Singular			Dual			Plural
Case/Gender		Masculine / Feminine	Neuter		Masculine / Feminine	Neuter		Masculine / Feminine	Neuter
Nominative		κᾰ́ρχᾰρος kắrkhăros	κᾰ́ρχᾰρον kắrkhăron		κᾰρχᾰ́ρω kărkhắrō	κᾰρχᾰ́ρω kărkhắrō		κᾰ́ρχᾰροι kắrkhăroi	κᾰ́ρχᾰρᾰ kắrkhără
Genitive		κᾰρχᾰ́ρου kărkhắrou	κᾰρχᾰ́ρου kărkhắrou		κᾰρχᾰ́ροιν kărkhắroin	κᾰρχᾰ́ροιν kărkhắroin		κᾰρχᾰ́ρων kărkhắrōn	κᾰρχᾰ́ρων kărkhắrōn
Dative		κᾰρχᾰ́ρῳ kărkhắrōi	κᾰρχᾰ́ρῳ kărkhắrōi		κᾰρχᾰ́ροιν kărkhắroin	κᾰρχᾰ́ροιν kărkhắroin		κᾰρχᾰ́ροις kărkhắrois	κᾰρχᾰ́ροις kărkhắrois
Accusative		κᾰ́ρχᾰρον kắrkhăron	κᾰ́ρχᾰρον kắrkhăron		κᾰρχᾰ́ρω kărkhắrō	κᾰρχᾰ́ρω kărkhắrō		κᾰρχᾰ́ρους kărkhắrous	κᾰ́ρχᾰρᾰ kắrkhără
Vocative		κᾰ́ρχᾰρε kắrkhăre	κᾰ́ρχᾰρον kắrkhăron		κᾰρχᾰ́ρω kărkhắrō	κᾰρχᾰ́ρω kărkhắrō		κᾰ́ρχᾰροι kắrkhăroi	κᾰ́ρχᾰρᾰ kắrkhără
Derived forms		Adverb			Comparative			Superlative
		κᾰρχᾰ́ρως kărkhắrōs			κᾰρχᾰρώτερος kărkhărṓteros			κᾰρχᾰρώτᾰτος kărkhărṓtătos
Notes:		This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For declension in other dialects, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal declension.

As a three-ending adjective:

First and second declension of κᾰ́ρχᾰρος; κᾰρχᾰ́ρᾱ; κᾰ́ρχᾰρον (Attic)

Number		Singular				Dual				Plural
Case/Gender		Masculine	Feminine	Neuter		Masculine	Feminine	Neuter		Masculine	Feminine	Neuter
Nominative		κᾰ́ρχᾰρος kắrkhăros	κᾰρχᾰ́ρᾱ kărkhắrā	κᾰ́ρχᾰρον kắrkhăron		κᾰρχᾰ́ρω kărkhắrō	κᾰρχᾰ́ρᾱ kărkhắrā	κᾰρχᾰ́ρω kărkhắrō		κᾰ́ρχᾰροι kắrkhăroi	κᾰ́ρχᾰραι kắrkhărai	κᾰ́ρχᾰρᾰ kắrkhără
Genitive		κᾰρχᾰ́ρου kărkhắrou	κᾰρχᾰ́ρᾱς kărkhắrās	κᾰρχᾰ́ρου kărkhắrou		κᾰρχᾰ́ροιν kărkhắroin	κᾰρχᾰ́ραιν kărkhắrain	κᾰρχᾰ́ροιν kărkhắroin		κᾰρχᾰ́ρων kărkhắrōn	κᾰρχᾰ́ρων kărkhắrōn	κᾰρχᾰ́ρων kărkhắrōn
Dative		κᾰρχᾰ́ρῳ kărkhắrōi	κᾰρχᾰ́ρᾳ kărkhắrāi	κᾰρχᾰ́ρῳ kărkhắrōi		κᾰρχᾰ́ροιν kărkhắroin	κᾰρχᾰ́ραιν kărkhắrain	κᾰρχᾰ́ροιν kărkhắroin		κᾰρχᾰ́ροις kărkhắrois	κᾰρχᾰ́ραις kărkhắrais	κᾰρχᾰ́ροις kărkhắrois
Accusative		κᾰ́ρχᾰρον kắrkhăron	κᾰρχᾰ́ρᾱν kărkhắrān	κᾰ́ρχᾰρον kắrkhăron		κᾰρχᾰ́ρω kărkhắrō	κᾰρχᾰ́ρᾱ kărkhắrā	κᾰρχᾰ́ρω kărkhắrō		κᾰρχᾰ́ρους kărkhắrous	κᾰρχᾰ́ρᾱς kărkhắrās	κᾰ́ρχᾰρᾰ kắrkhără
Vocative		κᾰ́ρχᾰρε kắrkhăre	κᾰρχᾰ́ρᾱ kărkhắrā	κᾰ́ρχᾰρον kắrkhăron		κᾰρχᾰ́ρω kărkhắrō	κᾰρχᾰ́ρᾱ kărkhắrā	κᾰρχᾰ́ρω kărkhắrō		κᾰ́ρχᾰροι kắrkhăroi	κᾰ́ρχᾰραι kắrkhărai	κᾰ́ρχᾰρᾰ kắrkhără
Derived forms		Adverb				Comparative				Superlative
		κᾰρχᾰ́ρως kărkhắrōs				κᾰρχᾰρώτερος kărkhărṓteros				κᾰρχᾰρώτᾰτος kărkhărṓtătos
Notes:		This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For declension in other dialects, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal declension.

Derived terms

• καρχαρέος (karkharéos)
• καρχαρίᾱς (karkharíās)
• καρχαρόδους (karkharódous)
• καρχαρόδων (karkharódōn)

Descendants

• →⇒ Translingual: Carcharodon, Carcharodontosaurus

Further reading

• κάρχαρος in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
• “κάρχαρος”, in ΛΟΓΕΙΟΝ [Logeion] Dictionaries for Ancient Greek and Latin (in English, French, Spanish, German, Dutch and Chinese), University of Chicago, since 2011
• “κάρχαρος”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press