κάρχαρος

Ancient Greek

Alternative forms

κάρκαρος (kárkaros)

Etymology

Unknown, probably onomatopoeic, from an earlier reduplicated stem *kʰar-kʰar-. The variation may also indicate Pre-Greek origin.^[1]

Pronunciation

(5^th BCE Attic) IPA^(key): /kár.kʰa.ros/
(1^st CE Egyptian) IPA^(key): /ˈkar.kʰa.ros/
(4^th CE Koine) IPA^(key): /ˈkar.xa.ros/
(10^th CE Byzantine) IPA^(key): /ˈkar.xa.ros/
(15^th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA^(key): /ˈkar.xa.ros/

Adjective

κάρχᾰρος • (kárkharos) m or f (neuter κάρχᾰρον); second declension or
κάρχᾰρος • (kárkharos) m (feminine καρχάρᾱ, neuter κάρχᾰρον); first/second declension

sharp-pointed, jagged, with sharp or jagged teeth
(figurative) sharp, biting (of language)

Declension

As a two-ending adjective:

Second declension of κᾰ́ρχᾰρος; κᾰ́ρχᾰρον (Attic)

Number	Singular		Dual		Plural
Case/Gender	Masculine / Feminine	Neuter	Masculine / Feminine	Neuter	Masculine / Feminine	Neuter
Nominative	κᾰ́ρχᾰρος kárkharos	κᾰ́ρχᾰρον kárkharon	κᾰρχᾰ́ρω karkhárō	κᾰρχᾰ́ρω karkhárō	κᾰ́ρχᾰροι kárkharoi	κᾰ́ρχᾰρᾰ kárkhara
Genitive	κᾰρχᾰ́ρου karkhárou	κᾰρχᾰ́ρου karkhárou	κᾰρχᾰ́ροιν karkhároin	κᾰρχᾰ́ροιν karkhároin	κᾰρχᾰ́ρων karkhárōn	κᾰρχᾰ́ρων karkhárōn
Dative	κᾰρχᾰ́ρῳ karkhárōi	κᾰρχᾰ́ρῳ karkhárōi	κᾰρχᾰ́ροιν karkhároin	κᾰρχᾰ́ροιν karkhároin	κᾰρχᾰ́ροις karkhárois	κᾰρχᾰ́ροις karkhárois
Accusative	κᾰ́ρχᾰρον kárkharon	κᾰ́ρχᾰρον kárkharon	κᾰρχᾰ́ρω karkhárō	κᾰρχᾰ́ρω karkhárō	κᾰρχᾰ́ρους karkhárous	κᾰ́ρχᾰρᾰ kárkhara
Vocative	κᾰ́ρχᾰρε kárkhare	κᾰ́ρχᾰρον kárkharon	κᾰρχᾰ́ρω karkhárō	κᾰρχᾰ́ρω karkhárō	κᾰ́ρχᾰροι kárkharoi	κᾰ́ρχᾰρᾰ kárkhara
Derived forms	Adverb		Comparative		Superlative
Derived forms	κᾰρχᾰ́ρως karkhárōs		κᾰρχᾰρώτερος karkharṓteros		κᾰρχᾰρώτᾰτος karkharṓtatos
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For declension in other dialects, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal declension.

As a three-ending adjective:

First and second declension of κᾰ́ρχᾰρος; κᾰρχᾰ́ρᾱ; κᾰ́ρχᾰρον (Attic)

Number	Singular			Dual			Plural
Case/Gender	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter
Nominative	κᾰ́ρχᾰρος kárkharos	κᾰρχᾰ́ρᾱ karkhárā	κᾰ́ρχᾰρον kárkharon	κᾰρχᾰ́ρω karkhárō	κᾰρχᾰ́ρᾱ karkhárā	κᾰρχᾰ́ρω karkhárō	κᾰ́ρχᾰροι kárkharoi	κᾰ́ρχᾰραι kárkharai	κᾰ́ρχᾰρᾰ kárkhara
Genitive	κᾰρχᾰ́ρου karkhárou	κᾰρχᾰ́ρᾱς karkhárās	κᾰρχᾰ́ρου karkhárou	κᾰρχᾰ́ροιν karkhároin	κᾰρχᾰ́ραιν karkhárain	κᾰρχᾰ́ροιν karkhároin	κᾰρχᾰ́ρων karkhárōn	κᾰρχᾰ́ρων karkhárōn	κᾰρχᾰ́ρων karkhárōn
Dative	κᾰρχᾰ́ρῳ karkhárōi	κᾰρχᾰ́ρᾳ karkhárāi	κᾰρχᾰ́ρῳ karkhárōi	κᾰρχᾰ́ροιν karkhároin	κᾰρχᾰ́ραιν karkhárain	κᾰρχᾰ́ροιν karkhároin	κᾰρχᾰ́ροις karkhárois	κᾰρχᾰ́ραις karkhárais	κᾰρχᾰ́ροις karkhárois
Accusative	κᾰ́ρχᾰρον kárkharon	κᾰρχᾰ́ρᾱν karkhárān	κᾰ́ρχᾰρον kárkharon	κᾰρχᾰ́ρω karkhárō	κᾰρχᾰ́ρᾱ karkhárā	κᾰρχᾰ́ρω karkhárō	κᾰρχᾰ́ρους karkhárous	κᾰρχᾰ́ρᾱς karkhárās	κᾰ́ρχᾰρᾰ kárkhara
Vocative	κᾰ́ρχᾰρε kárkhare	κᾰρχᾰ́ρᾱ karkhárā	κᾰ́ρχᾰρον kárkharon	κᾰρχᾰ́ρω karkhárō	κᾰρχᾰ́ρᾱ karkhárā	κᾰρχᾰ́ρω karkhárō	κᾰ́ρχᾰροι kárkharoi	κᾰ́ρχᾰραι kárkharai	κᾰ́ρχᾰρᾰ kárkhara
Derived forms	Adverb			Comparative			Superlative
Derived forms	κᾰρχᾰ́ρως karkhárōs			κᾰρχᾰρώτερος karkharṓteros			κᾰρχᾰρώτᾰτος karkharṓtatos
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For declension in other dialects, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal declension.

Derived terms

καρχαρέος (karkharéos)
καρχαρίᾱς (karkharíās)
καρχαρόδους (karkharódous)
καρχαρόδων (karkharódōn)

Descendants

→⇒ Translingual: Carcharodon, Carcharodontosaurus

References

^ Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN