γλαφυρός

Ancient Greek

Etymology

From γλάφω (gláphō, “scrape, dig up, hollow”).

Pronunciation

(5^th BCE Attic) IPA^(key): /ɡla.pʰy.rós/
(1^st CE Egyptian) IPA^(key): /ɡla.pʰyˈros/
(4^th CE Koine) IPA^(key): /ɣla.ɸyˈros/
(10^th CE Byzantine) IPA^(key): /ɣla.fyˈros/
(15^th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA^(key): /ɣla.fiˈros/

Adjective

γλᾰφῠρός • (glaphurós) m (feminine γλᾰφῠρᾱ́, neuter γλᾰφῠρόν); first/second declension

(Epic) hollow, hollowed (epithet of caves and ships)
- 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 2.453–454:
  Τοῖσι δ’ ἄφαρ πόλεμος γλυκίων γένετ’ ἠὲ νέεσθαι
  ἐν νηυσὶ γλαφυρῇσι φίλην ἐς πατρίδα γαῖαν.
  Toîsi d’ áphar pólemos glukíōn génet’ ēè néesthai
  en nēusì glaphurêisi phílēn es patrída gaîan.
  Immediately battle became sweeter to them than to return
  in hollowed ships to their dear homeland.
- 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Odyssey 1.13–15:
  Τὸν δ’ οἶον, νόστου κεχρημένον ἠδὲ γυναικός,
  νύμφη πότνι’ ἔρῡκε Καλυψώ, δῖα θεᾱ́ων,
  ἐν σπέσσι γλαφυροῖσι, λιλαιομένη πόσιν εἶναι.
  Tòn d’ oîon, nóstou kekhrēménon ēdè gunaikós,
  númphē pótni’ érūke Kalupsṓ, dîa theā́ōn,
  en spéssi glaphuroîsi, lilaioménē pósin eînai.
  Him alone, longing for homecoming and his wife,
  the revered nymph Calypso, brightest of goddesses, detained
  in hollow caves, longing for him to be her husband.
polished
neat, delicate; subtle, exact, refined, elegant

Inflection

First and second declension of γλᾰφῠρός; γλᾰφῠρᾱ́; γλᾰφῠρόν (Attic)

Number	Singular			Dual			Plural
Case/Gender	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter
Nominative	γλᾰφῠρός glaphurós	γλᾰφῠρᾱ́ glaphurā́	γλᾰφῠρόν glaphurón	γλᾰφῠρώ glaphurṓ	γλᾰφῠρᾱ́ glaphurā́	γλᾰφῠρώ glaphurṓ	γλᾰφῠροί glaphuroí	γλᾰφῠραί glaphuraí	γλᾰφῠρᾰ́ glaphurá
Genitive	γλᾰφῠροῦ glaphuroû	γλᾰφῠρᾶς glaphurâs	γλᾰφῠροῦ glaphuroû	γλᾰφῠροῖν glaphuroîn	γλᾰφῠραῖν glaphuraîn	γλᾰφῠροῖν glaphuroîn	γλᾰφῠρῶν glaphurôn	γλᾰφῠρῶν glaphurôn	γλᾰφῠρῶν glaphurôn
Dative	γλᾰφῠρῷ glaphurôi	γλᾰφῠρᾷ glaphurâi	γλᾰφῠρῷ glaphurôi	γλᾰφῠροῖν glaphuroîn	γλᾰφῠραῖν glaphuraîn	γλᾰφῠροῖν glaphuroîn	γλᾰφῠροῖς glaphuroîs	γλᾰφῠραῖς glaphuraîs	γλᾰφῠροῖς glaphuroîs
Accusative	γλᾰφῠρόν glaphurón	γλᾰφῠρᾱ́ν glaphurā́n	γλᾰφῠρόν glaphurón	γλᾰφῠρώ glaphurṓ	γλᾰφῠρᾱ́ glaphurā́	γλᾰφῠρώ glaphurṓ	γλᾰφῠρούς glaphuroús	γλᾰφῠρᾱ́ς glaphurā́s	γλᾰφῠρᾰ́ glaphurá
Vocative	γλᾰφῠρέ glaphuré	γλᾰφῠρᾱ́ glaphurā́	γλᾰφῠρόν glaphurón	γλᾰφῠρώ glaphurṓ	γλᾰφῠρᾱ́ glaphurā́	γλᾰφῠρώ glaphurṓ	γλᾰφῠροί glaphuroí	γλᾰφῠραί glaphuraí	γλᾰφῠρᾰ́ glaphurá
Derived forms	Adverb			Comparative			Superlative
Derived forms	γλᾰφῠρῶς glaphurôs			γλᾰφῠρώτερος glaphurṓteros			γλᾰφῠρώτᾰτος glaphurṓtatos
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For declension in other dialects, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal declension.

First and second declension of γλᾰφῠρός; γλᾰφῠρή; γλᾰφῠρόν (Epic)

Number	Singular			Dual			Plural
Case/Gender	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter
Nominative	γλᾰφῠρός glaphurós	γλᾰφῠρή glaphurḗ	γλᾰφῠρόν glaphurón	γλᾰφῠρώ glaphurṓ	γλᾰφῠρᾱ́ glaphurā́	γλᾰφῠρώ glaphurṓ	γλᾰφῠροί glaphuroí	γλᾰφῠραί glaphuraí	γλᾰφῠρᾰ́ glaphurá
Genitive	γλᾰφῠροῦ / γλᾰφῠροῖο / γλᾰφῠρόο glaphuroû / glaphuroîo / glaphuróo	γλᾰφῠρῆς glaphurês	γλᾰφῠροῦ / γλᾰφῠροῖο / γλᾰφῠρόο glaphuroû / glaphuroîo / glaphuróo	γλᾰφῠροῖῐν glaphuroîin	γλᾰφῠραῖν / γλᾰφῠραῖῐν / γλᾰφῠρῇῐν glaphuraî(i)n / glaphurêiin	γλᾰφῠροῖῐν glaphuroîin	γλᾰφῠρῶν glaphurôn	γλᾰφῠρᾱ́ων / γλᾰφῠρέ͜ων / γλᾰφῠρῶν glaphurā́ōn / glaphuré͜ōn / glaphurôn	γλᾰφῠρῶν glaphurôn
Dative	γλᾰφῠρῷ glaphurôi	γλᾰφῠρῇ glaphurêi	γλᾰφῠρῷ glaphurôi	γλᾰφῠροῖῐν glaphuroîin	γλᾰφῠραῖν / γλᾰφῠραῖῐν / γλᾰφῠρῇῐν glaphuraî(i)n / glaphurêiin	γλᾰφῠροῖῐν glaphuroîin	γλᾰφῠροῖσῐ / γλᾰφῠροῖσῐν / γλᾰφῠροῖς glaphuroîsi(n) / glaphuroîs	γλᾰφῠρῇσῐ / γλᾰφῠρῇσῐν / γλᾰφῠρῇς / γλᾰφῠραῖς glaphurêisi(n) / glaphurêis / glaphuraîs	γλᾰφῠροῖσῐ / γλᾰφῠροῖσῐν / γλᾰφῠροῖς glaphuroîsi(n) / glaphuroîs
Accusative	γλᾰφῠρόν glaphurón	γλᾰφῠρήν glaphurḗn	γλᾰφῠρόν glaphurón	γλᾰφῠρώ glaphurṓ	γλᾰφῠρᾱ́ glaphurā́	γλᾰφῠρώ glaphurṓ	γλᾰφῠρούς glaphuroús	γλᾰφῠρᾱ́ς glaphurā́s	γλᾰφῠρᾰ́ glaphurá
Vocative	γλᾰφῠρέ glaphuré	γλᾰφῠρή glaphurḗ	γλᾰφῠρόν glaphurón	γλᾰφῠρώ glaphurṓ	γλᾰφῠρᾱ́ glaphurā́	γλᾰφῠρώ glaphurṓ	γλᾰφῠροί glaphuroí	γλᾰφῠραί glaphuraí	γλᾰφῠρᾰ́ glaphurá
Derived forms	Adverb			Comparative			Superlative
Derived forms	γλᾰφῠρῶς glaphurôs			γλᾰφῠρώτερος glaphurṓteros			γλᾰφῠρώτᾰτος glaphurṓtatos
Notes:	Dialects other than Attic are not well attested. Some forms may be based on conjecture. Use with caution.

Ancient Greek

Etymology

Pronunciation

Adjective

Inflection

Further reading