αἴθων

Ancient Greek

Etymology

From αἴθω (aíthō, “to kindle, blaze”).

Pronunciation

 

• IPA^(key): /ǎi̯.tʰɔːn/ → /ˈɛ.θon/ → /ˈe.θon/

• (5^th BCE Attic) IPA^(key): /ǎi̯.tʰɔːn/
• (1^st CE Egyptian) IPA^(key): /ˈɛ.tʰon/
• (4^th CE Koine) IPA^(key): /ˈɛ.θon/
• (10^th CE Byzantine) IPA^(key): /ˈe.θon/
• (15^th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA^(key): /ˈe.θon/

Noun

αἴθων • (aíthōn) m or f (genitive αἴθωνος); third declension

1. an instance of burning, blazing, lightning
   • 522 BCE – 443 BCE, Pindar, Olympian Ode 10.98
   • 522 BCE – 443 BCE, Pindar, Pythian Ode 1.44
2. a thing which blazes and flashes like burnished metal
   • 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 4.485
   • 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Odyssey 1.184
   • 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 9.123
   • 24, 233
3. of various animals: horse, lion, bull, eagle, fox
   • 522 BCE – 443 BCE, Pindar, Olympian Ode 11.20
   • 380 BCE, Plato, The Republic 559D
   1. men who are fiery
      • 497 BCE – 405 BCE, Sophocles, Ajax 222
      • 467 BCE, Aeschylus, Seven Against Thebes 448

Inflection

Third declension of ὁ, ἡ αἴθων; τοῦ, τῆς αἴθωνος (Attic)

Case / #	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	ὁ, ἡ αἴθων ho, hē aíthōn	τὼ αἴθωνε tṑ aíthōne	οἱ, αἱ αἴθωνες hoi, hai aíthōnes
Genitive	τοῦ, τῆς αἴθωνος toû, tês aíthōnos	τοῖν αἰθώνοιν toîn aithṓnoin	τῶν αἰθώνων tôn aithṓnōn
Dative	τῷ, τῇ αἴθωνῐ tôi, têi aíthōnĭ	τοῖν αἰθώνοιν toîn aithṓnoin	τοῖς, ταῖς αἴθωσῐ / αἴθωσῐν toîs, taîs aíthōsĭ(n)
Accusative	τὸν, τὴν αἴθωνᾰ tòn, tḕn aíthōnă	τὼ αἴθωνε tṑ aíthōne	τοὺς, τᾱ̀ς αἴθωνᾰς toùs, tā̀s aíthōnăs
Vocative	αἴθων aíthōn	αἴθωνε aíthōne	αἴθωνες aíthōnes
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For declension in other dialects, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal declension.

Participle

αἴθων • (aíthōn) m (feminine αἴθουσᾰ, neuter αἶθον); first/third declension

1. present active participle of αἴθω (aíthō)

Declension

First and third declension of αἴθων; αἴθουσᾰ; αἶθον (Attic)

Number		Singular				Dual				Plural
Case/Gender		Masculine	Feminine	Neuter		Masculine	Feminine	Neuter		Masculine	Feminine	Neuter
Nominative		αἴθων aíthōn	αἴθουσᾰ aíthousă	αἶθον aîthon		αἴθοντε aíthonte	αἰθούσᾱ aithoúsā	αἴθοντε aíthonte		αἴθοντες aíthontes	αἴθουσαι aíthousai	αἴθοντᾰ aíthontă
Genitive		αἴθοντος aíthontos	αἰθούσης aithoúsēs	αἴθοντος aíthontos		αἰθόντοιν aithóntoin	αἰθούσαιν aithoúsain	αἰθόντοιν aithóntoin		αἰθόντων aithóntōn	αἰθουσῶν aithousôn	αἰθόντων aithóntōn
Dative		αἴθοντῐ aíthontĭ	αἰθούσῃ aithoúsēi	αἴθοντῐ aíthontĭ		αἰθόντοιν aithóntoin	αἰθούσαιν aithoúsain	αἰθόντοιν aithóntoin		αἴθουσῐ / αἴθουσῐν aíthousĭ(n)	αἰθούσαις aithoúsais	αἴθουσῐ / αἴθουσῐν aíthousĭ(n)
Accusative		αἴθοντᾰ aíthontă	αἴθουσᾰν aíthousăn	αἶθον aîthon		αἴθοντε aíthonte	αἰθούσᾱ aithoúsā	αἴθοντε aíthonte		αἴθοντᾰς aíthontăs	αἰθούσᾱς aithoúsās	αἴθοντᾰ aíthontă
Vocative		αἴθων aíthōn	αἴθουσᾰ aíthousă	αἶθον aîthon		αἴθοντε aíthonte	αἰθούσᾱ aithoúsā	αἴθοντε aíthonte		αἴθοντες aíthontes	αἴθουσαι aíthousai	αἴθοντᾰ aíthontă
Derived forms		Adverb				Comparative				Superlative
		αἰθόντως aithóntōs				—				—
Notes:		This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For declension in other dialects, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal declension.

Further reading

• “αἴθων”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “αἴθων”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
• “αἴθων”, in Autenrieth, Georg (1891) A Homeric Dictionary for Schools and Colleges, New York: Harper and Brothers
• αἴθων in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
• αἴθων in Cunliffe, Richard J. (1924) A Lexicon of the Homeric Dialect: Expanded Edition, Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, published 1963
• αἴθων in the Diccionario Griego–Español en línea (2006–2025)
• “αἴθων”, in Slater, William J. (1969) Lexicon to Pindar, Berlin: Walter de Gruyter
• Woodhouse, S. C. (1910) English–Greek Dictionary: A Vocabulary of the Attic Language‎^[1], London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Limited.
  • ardent idem, page 38.
  • boisterous idem, page 88.
  • dashing idem, page 196.
  • eager idem, page 258.
  • fiery idem, page 318.
  • flashing idem, page 326.
  • furious idem, page 350.
  • glancing idem, page 361.
  • gleaming idem, page 361.
  • hot idem, page 407.
  • impetuous idem, page 421.
  • sparkling idem, page 798.