Θῖναι

Ancient Greek

Alternative forms

• Θῖνα (Thîna)

Etymology

From Θῖνα (Thîna) + -αι (-ai, “fem. pl.”), of uncertain etymology, but probably from Sanskrit चीन (Cīna, “China”), possibly via Arabic صِين (Ṣīn, “China; the Chinese”) and usually held to derive from Old Chinese 秦 (*zin, “Qin”).

Pronunciation

 

• IPA^(key): /tʰîː.nai̯/ → /ˈθi.nɛ/ → /ˈθi.ne/

• (5^th BCE Attic) IPA^(key): /tʰîː.nai̯/
• (1^st CE Egyptian) IPA^(key): /ˈtʰi.nɛ/
• (4^th CE Koine) IPA^(key): /ˈθi.nɛ/
• (10^th CE Byzantine) IPA^(key): /ˈθi.ne/
• (15^th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA^(key): /ˈθi.ne/

Proper noun

Θῖναι • (Thînai) m pl (genitive Θῑνῶν); first declension

1. (culture) Synonym of Σῖναι (Sînai): A people of East Asia usually identified as the southern Chinese; their homeland, China; their chief city.
   • c. C.E. 50, Periplus of the Erythraean Sea, paragraph 64:

     Μετὰ δὲ ταύτην τὴν χώραν ὑπ’ αὐτὸν ἤδη τὸν βορέαν, ἔξωθεν εἰς Θινός τινα τόπον ἀποληγούσης τῆς θαλάσσης, παράκειται ἐν αὐτῇ πόλις μεσόγειος μεγίστη, λεγομένη Θῖναι, ἀφ ἧς τό τε ἔριον καὶ τὸ νῆμα καὶ τὸ ὀθόνιον τὸ Σηρικὸν εἰς τὰ Βαρύγαζα διὰ Βάκτρων πεζῇ φέρεται καὶ εἰς τὴν Λιμυρικὴν πάλιν διὰ τοῦ Γάγγου ποταμοῦ. Εἰς δὲ τὴν Θῖνα ταύτην οὐκ ἔστιν εὐχερῶς ἀπελθεῖν· σπανίως γὰρ ἀπ’ αὐτῆς τινὲς οὐ πολλοὶ ἔρχονται.

     Metà dè taútēn tḕn khṓran hup’ autòn ḗdē tòn boréan, éxōthen eis Thinós tina tópon apolēgoúsēs tês thalássēs, parákeitai en autêi pólis mesógeios megístē, legoménē Thînai, aph hês tó te érion kaì tò nêma kaì tò othónion tò Sērikòn eis tà Barúgaza dià Báktrōn pezêi phéretai kaì eis tḕn Limurikḕn pálin dià toû Gángou potamoû. Eis dè tḕn Thîna taútēn ouk éstin eukherôs apeltheîn; spaníōs gàr ap’ autês tinès ou polloì érkhontai.

     After this region under the very north, the sea outside ending in a land called This, there is a very great inland city called Thinae, from which raw silk and silk yarn and silk cloth are brought on foot through Bactria to Barygaza, and are also exported to Damirica by way of the river Ganges. But the land of This is not easy of access; few men come from there, and seldom. (translated by Wilfred Harvey Schoff)

   • 1878, Thomas Rawson Birks translating Franz Delitzsch's citation of Neumann in his Commentary on the Book of Isaiah, page 247:

     The name Θῖναι, Strabo, Σῖναι, Ptol., Τζίνιτζα, Kosmas, did not obtain currency first from the founder of the dynasty Tsin; but, long before this, Tsin was the name of a feudal kingdom in Shensi, one of the western provinces of the Sinese land, and Feitsa, the first feudal King of Tsin, began to reign as early as b.c. 897.

Inflection

First declension of αἱ Θῖναι; τῶν Θῑνῶν (Attic)

Case / #	Plural
Nominative	αἱ Θῖναι hai Thînai
Genitive	τῶν Θῑνῶν tôn Thīnôn
Dative	ταῖς Θῑ́ναις taîs Thī́nais
Accusative	τᾱ̀ς Θῑ́νᾱς tā̀s Thī́nās
Vocative	Θῖναι Thînai
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For declension in other dialects, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal declension.

Further reading

• “Thinae”, in William Smith, editor (1854, 1857), A Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography, volume 1 & 2, London: Walton and Maberly