štꜣ

See also: stꜣ and sṯꜣ

Egyptian

Pronunciation

• (modern Egyptological) IPA^(key): /ʃɛtɑ/
  • Conventional anglicization: sheta

Verb

 3-lit.

1. (intransitive) to be(come) hidden or secret
   • c. 1550 BCE – 1295 BCE, Great Hymn to Osiris (Stela of Amenmose, Louvre C 286) line 1:

     j.nḏ ḥr.k wsjr nb nḥḥ nswt nṯr(w) ꜥšꜣ rnw ḏsr ḫprw štꜣ jrw m rw-prw

     Hail to you, Osiris, lord of eternity, king of gods, numerous of names, sacred of developments, secret of rites in temples!

Inflection

Conjugation of štꜣ (triliteral / 3-lit. / 3rad.) — base stem: štꜣ, geminated stem: štꜣꜣ

infinitival forms imperative infinitive negatival complement complementary infinitive1 singular plural štꜣ štꜣw, štꜣ štꜣt štꜣ štꜣ ‘pseudoverbal’ forms stative stem periphrastic imperfective2 periphrastic prospective2 štꜣ ḥr štꜣ m štꜣ r štꜣ suffix conjugation aspect / mood active passive contingent aspect / mood active passive perfect štꜣ.n štꜣw, štꜣ consecutive štꜣ.jn active + .tj1, .tw2 active + .tj1, .tw2 terminative štꜣt perfective3 štꜣ active + .tj1, .tw2 obligative1 štꜣ.ḫr active + .tj1, .tw2 imperfective štꜣ active + .tj1, .tw2 prospective3 štꜣ štꜣꜣ potentialis1 štꜣ.kꜣ active + .tj1, .tw2 active + .tj1, .tw2 subjunctive štꜣ active + .tj1, .tw2 verbal adjectives aspect / mood relative (incl. nominal / emphatic) forms participles active passive active passive perfect štꜣ.n active + .tj1, .tw2 — — perfective štꜣ active + .tj1, .tw2 štꜣ štꜣ, štꜣw5, štꜣy5 imperfective štꜣ, štꜣy, štꜣw5 active + .tj1, .tw2 štꜣ, štꜣj6, štꜣy6 štꜣ, štꜣw5 prospective štꜣ, štꜣtj7 — štꜣtj4, štꜣt4 1 Used in Old Egyptian; archaic by Middle Egyptian. 2 Used mostly since Middle Egyptian. 3 Archaic or greatly restricted in usage by Middle Egyptian. The perfect has mostly taken over the functions of the perfective, and the subjunctive and periphrastic prospective have mostly replaced the prospective. 4 Declines using third-person suffix pronouns instead of adjectival endings: masculine .f/.fj, feminine .s/.sj, dual .sn/.snj, plural .sn. 5 Only in the masculine singular. 6 Only in the masculine. 7 Only in the feminine.

Alternative forms

Alternative hieroglyphic writings of štꜣ  

štꜣ	štꜣ

Derived terms

• štꜣw

Adjective

1. perfective active participle of štꜣ: hidden, secret

Inflection

Declension of štꜣ (perfective active participle)

	masculine	feminine
singular	štꜣ	štꜣt
dual	štꜣwj	štꜣtj
plural	štꜣw	štꜣwt1, štꜣt2

¹ Archaic in Middle Egyptian when modifying a noun.
² From Middle Egyptian, this feminine singular form was generally used for the plural.
In Late Egyptian, the masculine singular form was used with all nouns.

Alternative forms

See under the verb above.

Descendants

• Old Coptic: ϣⲱⲧ (šōt)

References

• James P[eter] Allen (2010) Middle Egyptian: An Introduction to the Language and Culture of Hieroglyphs, 2nd edition, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, page 35.
• Vycichl, Werner (1983) Dictionnaire Étymologique de la Langue Copte, Leuven: Peeters, →ISBN, page 310
• Erman, Adolf, Grapow, Hermann (1930) Wörterbuch der ägyptischen Sprache‎^[1], volume 4, Berlin: Akademie-Verlag, →ISBN, pages 551.3–553.5