šnj

See also: snj and .snj

Egyptian

Etymology 1

Pronunciation

• (modern Egyptological) IPA^(key): /ʃɛni/
  • Conventional anglicization: sheni

Noun

 m

1. hair [since the Pyramid Texts]

Alternative forms

Alternative hieroglyphic writings of šnj  

šnw	šnj	šnw

Derived terms

• ḫt n šnj
• jrj-šnj

Etymology 2

Pronunciation

 

• (reconstructed) IPA^(key): /ˈʃiːnit/ → /ˈʃiːniʔ/ → /ˈʃiːna/ → /ˈʃiːnə/

• (Old Egyptian, c. 2500 BCE) IPA^(key): /ˈʃiːnit/
• (Middle Egyptian, c. 1700 BCE) IPA^(key): /ˈʃiːniʔ/
• (Amarna-period Late Egyptian, c. 1350 BCE) IPA^(key): /ˈʃiːna/
• (latest Late Egyptian, c. 800 BCE) IPA^(key): /ˈʃiːnə/

• (modern Egyptological) IPA^(key): /ʃɛni/
  • Conventional anglicization: sheni

Verb

 3ae inf.

1. (transitive) to investigate, to inquire into
2. (transitive) to curse, to conjure
3. (transitive) to exorcise (a disease)

Inflection

Conjugation of šnj (third weak / 3ae inf. / III. inf.) — base stem: šn, geminated stem: šnn

infinitival forms			imperative
infinitive	negatival complement	complementary infinitive1	singular	plural
šnt, šnj	šnw, šn	šnt, šnwt, šnyt	šn	šn, šny

‘pseudoverbal’ forms
stative stem	periphrastic imperfective2		periphrastic prospective2
šn8, šnn8	ḥr šnt, ḥr šnj	m šnt, m šnj	r šnt, r šnj

suffix conjugation
aspect / mood	active	passive	contingent
			aspect / mood	active	passive
perfect	šn.n	šnw, šn, šny	consecutive	šn.jn	active + .tj1, .tw2
		active + .tj1, .tw2
terminative	šnt, šnyt
perfective3	šn	active + .tj1, .tw2	obligative1	šn.ḫr	active + .tj1, .tw2
imperfective	šn, šny	active + .tj1, .tw2
prospective3	šnw, šn, šny	šnw, šn, šny	potentialis1	šn.kꜣ	active + .tj1, .tw2
		active + .tj1, .tw2
subjunctive	šn, šny	active + .tj1, .tw2

verbal adjectives
aspect / mood	relative (incl. nominal / emphatic) forms		participles
	active	passive	active	passive
perfect	šn.n	active + .tj1, .tw2	—	—
perfective	šnw1, šny, šn	active + .tj1, .tw2	šn	šny, šn
imperfective	šnn, šnny, šnnw5	active + .tj1, .tw2	šnn, šnnj6, šnny6	šnn, šnnw5
prospective	šnw1, šny, šn, šntj7	—	šnwtj1 4, šntj4, šnt4
Used in Old Egyptian; archaic by Middle Egyptian. Used mostly since Middle Egyptian. Archaic or greatly restricted in usage by Middle Egyptian. The perfect has mostly taken over the functions of the perfective, and the subjunctive and periphrastic prospective have mostly replaced the prospective. Declines using third-person suffix pronouns instead of adjectival endings: masculine .f/.fj, feminine .s/.sj, dual .sn/.snj, plural .sn. Only in the masculine singular. Only in the masculine. Only in the feminine. Third-person masculine statives of this class often have a final -y instead of the expected stative ending.

Descendants

• Demotic: šn
  • Akhmimic Coptic: ϣⲓⲛⲉ (šine)
  • Bohairic Coptic: ϣⲓⲛⲓ (šini)
  • Fayyumic Coptic: ϣⲓⲛⲓ (šini), ϣⲓ (ši)
  • Lycopolitan Coptic: ϣⲓⲛⲉ (šine)
  • Sahidic Coptic: ϣⲓⲛⲉ (šine)

Etymology 3

Pronunciation

• (modern Egyptological) IPA^(key): /ʃɛni/
  • Conventional anglicization: sheni

Verb

 3ae inf.

1. (intransitive) to be(come) round
2. (transitive) to encircle, to surround

Inflection

Conjugation of šnj (third weak / 3ae inf. / III. inf.) — base stem: šn, geminated stem: šnn

infinitival forms			imperative
infinitive	negatival complement	complementary infinitive1	singular	plural
šnt, šnj	šnw, šn	šnt, šnwt, šnyt	šn	šn, šny

‘pseudoverbal’ forms
stative stem	periphrastic imperfective2		periphrastic prospective2
šn8, šnn8	ḥr šnt, ḥr šnj	m šnt, m šnj	r šnt, r šnj

suffix conjugation
aspect / mood	active	passive	contingent
			aspect / mood	active	passive
perfect	šn.n	šnw, šn, šny	consecutive	šn.jn	active + .tj1, .tw2
		active + .tj1, .tw2
terminative	šnt, šnyt
perfective3	šn	active + .tj1, .tw2	obligative1	šn.ḫr	active + .tj1, .tw2
imperfective	šn, šny	active + .tj1, .tw2
prospective3	šnw, šn, šny	šnw, šn, šny	potentialis1	šn.kꜣ	active + .tj1, .tw2
		active + .tj1, .tw2
subjunctive	šn, šny	active + .tj1, .tw2

verbal adjectives
aspect / mood	relative (incl. nominal / emphatic) forms		participles
	active	passive	active	passive
perfect	šn.n	active + .tj1, .tw2	—	—
perfective	šnw1, šny, šn	active + .tj1, .tw2	šn	šny, šn
imperfective	šnn, šnny, šnnw5	active + .tj1, .tw2	šnn, šnnj6, šnny6	šnn, šnnw5
prospective	šnw1, šny, šn, šntj7	—	šnwtj1 4, šntj4, šnt4
Used in Old Egyptian; archaic by Middle Egyptian. Used mostly since Middle Egyptian. Archaic or greatly restricted in usage by Middle Egyptian. The perfect has mostly taken over the functions of the perfective, and the subjunctive and periphrastic prospective have mostly replaced the prospective. Declines using third-person suffix pronouns instead of adjectival endings: masculine .f/.fj, feminine .s/.sj, dual .sn/.snj, plural .sn. Only in the masculine singular. Only in the masculine. Only in the feminine. Third-person masculine statives of this class often have a final -y instead of the expected stative ending.

References

• James P[eter] Allen (2010) Middle Egyptian: An Introduction to the Language and Culture of Hieroglyphs, 2nd edition, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, pages 36, 296, 343.
• Hoch, James (1997) Middle Egyptian Grammar, Mississauga: Benben Publications, →ISBN, page 84
• Erman, Adolf, Grapow, Hermann (1930) Wörterbuch der ägyptischen Sprache‎^[1], volume 4, Berlin: Akademie-Verlag, →ISBN, pages 489.1–491.5
• Faulkner, Raymond Oliver (1962) A Concise Dictionary of Middle Egyptian, Oxford: Griffith Institute, →ISBN, pages 267–268