šms

See also: sms, SMS, SMs, and sms'

Egyptian

Pronunciation

 

• (reconstructed) IPA^(key): /ˈʃimsij/ → /ˈʃimsij/ → /ˈʃemsə/ → /ˈʃems/

• (Old Egyptian, c. 2500 BCE) IPA^(key): /ˈʃimsij/ (infinitive)
• (Middle Egyptian, c. 1700 BCE) IPA^(key): /ˈʃimsij/ (infinitive)
• (Amarna-period Late Egyptian, c. 1350 BCE) IPA^(key): /ˈʃemsə/ (infinitive)
• (latest Late Egyptian, c. 800 BCE) IPA^(key): /ˈʃems/ (infinitive)

• (modern Egyptological) IPA^(key): /ʃɛmɛs/
  • Conventional anglicization: shemes

Verb

 3-lit. or 4ae inf.

1. (transitive) to follow
   • Reign of Senusret III, c. 1878–1839 BCE, Stela of Ikhernofret (Berlin ÄM 1204), lines 18–19:

     jw jr.n.j prt-ꜥꜣt šms.j nṯr r nmtt.f dj.n.j sqd dpt-nṯr ḏḥwtj ḥr mꜣꜥ [sqd]wt

     I undertook the Great Procession, following the god at his travels; I made the god’s boat sail, with Thoth directing the sailing.

Inflection

Conjugation of šms (triliteral / 3-lit. / 3rad.) — base stem: šms, geminated stem: šmss

infinitival forms imperative infinitive negatival complement complementary infinitive1 singular plural šms šmsw, šms šmst šms šms ‘pseudoverbal’ forms stative stem periphrastic imperfective2 periphrastic prospective2 šms ḥr šms m šms r šms suffix conjugation aspect / mood active passive contingent aspect / mood active passive perfect šms.n šmsw, šms consecutive šms.jn active + .tj1, .tw2 active + .tj1, .tw2 terminative šmst perfective3 šms active + .tj1, .tw2 obligative1 šms.ḫr active + .tj1, .tw2 imperfective šms active + .tj1, .tw2 prospective3 šms šmss potentialis1 šms.kꜣ active + .tj1, .tw2 active + .tj1, .tw2 subjunctive šms active + .tj1, .tw2 verbal adjectives aspect / mood relative (incl. nominal / emphatic) forms participles active passive active passive perfect šms.n active + .tj1, .tw2 — — perfective šms active + .tj1, .tw2 šms šms, šmsw5, šmsy5 imperfective šms, šmsy, šmsw5 active + .tj1, .tw2 šms, šmsj6, šmsy6 šms, šmsw5 prospective šms, šmstj7 — šmstj4, šmst4 1 Used in Old Egyptian; archaic by Middle Egyptian. 2 Used mostly since Middle Egyptian. 3 Archaic or greatly restricted in usage by Middle Egyptian. The perfect has mostly taken over the functions of the perfective, and the subjunctive and periphrastic prospective have mostly replaced the prospective. 4 Declines using third-person suffix pronouns instead of adjectival endings: masculine .f/.fj, feminine .s/.sj, dual .sn/.snj, plural .sn. 5 Only in the masculine singular. 6 Only in the masculine. 7 Only in the feminine.

Allen and Loprieno instead consider this a fourth weak verb:

Conjugation of šmsj (fourth weak / 4ae inf. / IV. inf.) — base stem: šms, geminated stem: šmss

infinitival forms imperative infinitive negatival complement complementary infinitive1 singular plural šms šmsw, šmsyw, šms šmst, šmswt, šmsyt šms šms, šmsy ‘pseudoverbal’ forms stative stem periphrastic imperfective2 periphrastic prospective2 šms8 ḥr šms m šms r šms suffix conjugation aspect / mood active passive contingent aspect / mood active passive perfect šms.n šmsw, šms, šmsy consecutive šms.jn active + .tj1, .tw2 active + .tj1, .tw2 terminative šmst perfective3 šms active + .tj1, .tw2 obligative1 šms.ḫr active + .tj1, .tw2 imperfective šms, šmsy active + .tj1, .tw2 prospective3 šmsw, šms, šmsy šmss potentialis1 šms.kꜣ active + .tj1, .tw2 active + .tj1, .tw2 subjunctive šms, šmsy active + .tj1, .tw2 verbal adjectives aspect / mood relative (incl. nominal / emphatic) forms participles active passive active passive perfect šms.n active + .tj1, .tw2 — — perfective šmsw1, šmsy, šms active + .tj1, .tw2 šms šmsy, šms imperfective šmss, šmssy, šmssw5 active + .tj1, .tw2 šmss, šmssj6, šmssy6 šmss, šmssw5 prospective šmsw1, šmsy, šms, šmstj7 — šmswtj1 4, šmstj4, šmst4 1 Used in Old Egyptian; archaic by Middle Egyptian. 2 Used mostly since Middle Egyptian. 3 Archaic or greatly restricted in usage by Middle Egyptian. The perfect has mostly taken over the functions of the perfective, and the subjunctive and periphrastic prospective have mostly replaced the prospective. 4 Declines using third-person suffix pronouns instead of adjectival endings: masculine .f/.fj, feminine .s/.sj, dual .sn/.snj, plural .sn. 5 Only in the masculine singular. 6 Only in the masculine. 7 Only in the feminine. 8 Third-person masculine statives of this class often have a final -y instead of the expected stative ending.

Alternative forms

Alternative hieroglyphic writings of šms  

šms

Derived terms

• šmsw
• šmswt
• šms wḏꜣ

Descendants

• Demotic: šms
  • Akhmimic Coptic: ϣⲙ̄ϣⲉ (šm̄še)
  • Bohairic Coptic: ϣⲉⲙϣⲓ (šemši)
  • Fayyumic Coptic: ϣⲉⲙϣⲓ (šemši), ϣⲏⲙϣⲓ (šēmši)
  • Lycopolitan Coptic: ϣⲙ̄ϣⲉ (šm̄še)
  • Sahidic Coptic: ϣⲙ̄ϣⲉ (šm̄še)

References

• James P[eter] Allen (2010) Middle Egyptian: An Introduction to the Language and Culture of Hieroglyphs, 2nd edition, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, pages 162, 178.
• Černý, Jaroslav (1976) Coptic Etymological Dictionary, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, page 245