šmj

See also: smj

Egyptian

Pronunciation

 

• (reconstructed) IPA^(key): /ˈʃimjVt/ → /ˈʃijjVʔ/ → /ˈʃeʔə/ → /ʃeʔ/

• (Old Egyptian, c. 2500 BCE) IPA^(key): /ˈʃimjVt/ (infinitive)

  where V represents an unknown short vowel.

• (Middle Egyptian, c. 1700 BCE) IPA^(key): /ˈʃijjVʔ/ (infinitive), with irregular assimilation

  where V represents an unknown short vowel.

• (Amarna-period Late Egyptian, c. 1350 BCE) IPA^(key): /ˈʃeʔə/ (infinitive)
• (latest Late Egyptian, c. 800 BCE) IPA^(key): /ʃeʔ/ (infinitive)

• (modern Egyptological) IPA^(key): /ʃɛmi/
  • Conventional anglicization: shemi

Verb

 3ae inf.

1. (intransitive) to go, to walk
   • c. 2000 BCE – 1900 BCE, Tale of the Shipwrecked Sailor (pHermitage/pPetersburg 1115) line 157:

     ꜥḥꜥ.n šm.kw r smjt st gm.n.j sw rḫ st

     Then I went to report it but found him (already) aware of it.

Inflection

Conjugation of šmj (third weak / 3ae inf. / III. inf.) — base stem: šm

infinitival forms			imperative
infinitive	negatival complement	complementary infinitive1	singular	plural
šmt, šmj	šmw, šm	šmt, šmwt, šmyt	šm	šm, šmy

‘pseudoverbal’ forms
stative stem	periphrastic imperfective2		periphrastic prospective2
šm8	ḥr šmt, ḥr šmj	m šmt, m šmj	r šmt, r šmj

suffix conjugation
aspect / mood	active	contingent
		aspect / mood	active
perfect	šm.n	consecutive	šm.jn
terminative	šmt, šmyt
perfective3	šm	obligative1	šm.ḫr
imperfective	šm, šmy
prospective3	šmw, šm, šmy	potentialis1	šm.kꜣ
subjunctive	šm, šmy

verbal adjectives
aspect / mood	relative (incl. nominal / emphatic) forms	participles
	active	active	passive
perfect	šm.n	—	—
perfective	šmw1, šmy, šm	šm	šmy, šm
imperfective	šm, šmy, šmw5	šm, šmj6, šmy6	šm, šmw5
prospective	šmw1, šmy, šm, šmtj7	šmwtj1 4, šmtj4, šmt4
Used in Old Egyptian; archaic by Middle Egyptian. Used mostly since Middle Egyptian. Archaic or greatly restricted in usage by Middle Egyptian. The perfect has mostly taken over the functions of the perfective, and the subjunctive and periphrastic prospective have mostly replaced the prospective. Declines using third-person suffix pronouns instead of adjectival endings: masculine .f/.fj, feminine .s/.sj, dual .sn/.snj, plural .sn. Only in the masculine singular. Only in the masculine. Only in the feminine. Third-person masculine statives of this class often have a final -y instead of the expected stative ending.

Alternative forms

Alternative hieroglyphic writings of šmj  

šmj

Derived terms

• sšmj

Descendants

• Akhmimic Coptic: ϣⲉ (še)
• Bohairic Coptic: ϣⲉ (še)
• Fayyumic Coptic: ϣⲏ (šē)
• Lycopolitan Coptic: ϣⲉ (še)
• Old Coptic: ϣⲏ (šē)
• Oxyrhynchite Coptic: ϣⲏ (šē)
• Sahidic Coptic: ϣⲉ (še), ϣⲏ (šē), ϣⲉⲓ (šei)

References

• James P[eter] Allen (2010) Middle Egyptian: An Introduction to the Language and Culture of Hieroglyphs, 2nd edition, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, pages 156, 217.