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3-lit.
( transitive ) dig out (a canal , a tomb , a well , etc.)( transitive ) dredge (a blocked -up canal )
Conjugation of šꜣd (triliteral / 3-lit. / 3rad.) — base stem: šꜣd , geminated stem: šꜣdd
infinitival forms
imperative
infinitive
negatival complement
complementary infinitive1
singular
plural
šꜣd šꜣdw , šꜣd šꜣdt šꜣd šꜣd
‘pseudoverbal’ forms
stative stem
periphrastic imperfective 2
periphrastic prospective 2
šꜣd ḥr šꜣd m šꜣd r šꜣd
suffix conjugation
aspect / mood
active
passive
contingent
aspect / mood
active
passive
perfect
šꜣd.n šꜣdw , šꜣd consecutive
šꜣd.jn active + .tj 1 , .tw 2
active + .tj 1 , .tw 2
terminative
šꜣdt
perfective 3
šꜣd active + .tj 1 , .tw 2 obligative1
šꜣd.ḫr active + .tj 1 , .tw 2
imperfective
šꜣd active + .tj 1 , .tw 2
prospective 3
šꜣd šꜣdd potentialis1
šꜣd.kꜣ active + .tj 1 , .tw 2
active + .tj 1 , .tw 2
subjunctive
šꜣd active + .tj 1 , .tw 2
verbal adjectives
aspect / mood
relative (incl. nominal / emphatic) forms
participles
active
passive
active
passive
perfect
šꜣd.n active + .tj 1 , .tw 2 —
—
perfective
šꜣd active + .tj 1 , .tw 2 šꜣd šꜣd , šꜣdw 5 , šꜣdy 5
imperfective
šꜣd , šꜣdy , šꜣdw 5 active + .tj 1 , .tw 2 šꜣd , šꜣdj 6 , šꜣdy 6 šꜣd , šꜣdw 5
prospective
šꜣd , šꜣdtj 7 —
šꜣdtj 4 , šꜣdt 4
Used in Old Egyptian; archaic by Middle Egyptian.
Used mostly since Middle Egyptian.
Archaic or greatly restricted in usage by Middle Egyptian. The perfect has mostly taken over the functions of the perfective, and the subjunctive and periphrastic prospective have mostly replaced the prospective.
Declines using third-person suffix pronouns instead of adjectival endings: masculine .f .fj .s .sj .sn .snj .sn
Only in the masculine singular.
Only in the masculine.
Only in the feminine.
Erman, Adolf , Grapow, Hermann (1930 ) Wörterbuch der ägyptischen Sprache [1] →ISBN pages 414.11–415.4 Faulkner, Raymond Oliver (1962 ) A Concise Dictionary of Middle Egyptian , Oxford: Griffith Institute, →ISBN page 262
