šꜣ

See also: sꜣ

Egyptian

Pronunciation

• (modern Egyptological) IPA^(key): /ʃɑ/
  • Conventional anglicization: sha

Noun

 m

1. field
2. countryside
3. swamp where birds or fish can be caught

Inflection

Declension of šꜣ (masculine)

singular	šꜣ
dual	šꜣwj
plural	šꜣw

Alternative forms

Alternative hieroglyphic writings of šꜣ  

šꜣ

Noun

 m

1. boar, wild pig

Inflection

Declension of šꜣ (masculine)

singular	šꜣ
dual	šꜣwj
plural	šꜣw

Alternative forms

Alternative hieroglyphic writings of šꜣ  

šꜣ	šw

Verb

 2-lit. or 3ae inf.

1. (transitive) to put in order, to establish, to decree, to determine
   • c. 1900 BCE, The Instructions of Kagemni (pPrisse/pBN 183) lines 2.4–2.5:

     ḏr.n ḏd.n.f n.sn jr ntt nbt m zẖꜣ ḥr pꜣ šfdw sḏm st mj ḏd.j st (j)m zn ḥꜣw ḥr šꜣꜣt

     In the end he said to them: As for everything in the writing on this scroll, heed it as I say it; don’t exceed what has been set down.

2. (transitive) to decide

Inflection

Conjugation of šꜣ (biliteral / 2-lit. / 2rad.) — base stem: šꜣ, geminated stem: šꜣꜣ

infinitival forms imperative infinitive negatival complement complementary infinitive1 singular plural šꜣ šꜣw, šꜣ šꜣt šꜣ, j.šꜣ šꜣ, j.šꜣ ‘pseudoverbal’ forms stative stem periphrastic imperfective2 periphrastic prospective2 šꜣ ḥr šꜣ m šꜣ r šꜣ suffix conjugation aspect / mood active passive contingent aspect / mood active passive perfect šꜣ.n šꜣw, šꜣ consecutive šꜣ.jn active + .tj1, .tw2 active + .tj1, .tw2 terminative šꜣt perfective3 šꜣ active + .tj1, .tw2 obligative1 šꜣ.ḫr active + .tj1, .tw2 imperfective šꜣ, j.šꜣ1 active + .tj1, .tw2 prospective3 šꜣ šꜣꜣ potentialis1 šꜣ.kꜣ active + .tj1, .tw2 active + .tj1, .tw2 subjunctive šꜣ, j.šꜣ1 active + .tj1, .tw2 verbal adjectives aspect / mood relative (incl. nominal / emphatic) forms participles active passive active passive perfect šꜣ.n active + .tj1, .tw2 — — perfective šꜣ active + .tj1, .tw2 šꜣ šꜣꜣ, šꜣꜣj6, šꜣ2, šꜣw2 5, šꜣy2 5 imperfective j.šꜣ1, šꜣ, šꜣy, šꜣw5 active + .tj1, .tw2 j.šꜣ1, j.šꜣw1 5, šꜣ, šꜣj6, šꜣy6 šꜣ, šꜣw5 prospective šꜣ, šꜣtj7 — šꜣtj4, šꜣt4 1 Used in Old Egyptian; archaic by Middle Egyptian. 2 Used mostly since Middle Egyptian. 3 Archaic or greatly restricted in usage by Middle Egyptian. The perfect has mostly taken over the functions of the perfective, and the subjunctive and periphrastic prospective have mostly replaced the prospective. 4 Declines using third-person suffix pronouns instead of adjectival endings: masculine .f/.fj, feminine .s/.sj, dual .sn/.snj, plural .sn. 5 Only in the masculine singular. 6 Only in the masculine. 7 Only in the feminine.

Allen instead apparently treats this as a 3ae-inf. verb šꜣj:

Conjugation of šꜣj (third weak / 3ae inf. / III. inf.) — base stem: šꜣ, geminated stem: šꜣꜣ

infinitival forms imperative infinitive negatival complement complementary infinitive1 singular plural šꜣt, šꜣj šꜣw, šꜣ šꜣt, šꜣwt, šꜣyt šꜣ šꜣ, šꜣy ‘pseudoverbal’ forms stative stem periphrastic imperfective2 periphrastic prospective2 šꜣ8, šꜣꜣ8 ḥr šꜣt, ḥr šꜣj m šꜣt, m šꜣj r šꜣt, r šꜣj suffix conjugation aspect / mood active passive contingent aspect / mood active passive perfect šꜣ.n šꜣw, šꜣ, šꜣy consecutive šꜣ.jn active + .tj1, .tw2 active + .tj1, .tw2 terminative šꜣt, šꜣyt perfective3 šꜣ active + .tj1, .tw2 obligative1 šꜣ.ḫr active + .tj1, .tw2 imperfective šꜣ, šꜣy active + .tj1, .tw2 prospective3 šꜣw, šꜣ, šꜣy šꜣw, šꜣ, šꜣy potentialis1 šꜣ.kꜣ active + .tj1, .tw2 active + .tj1, .tw2 subjunctive šꜣ, šꜣy active + .tj1, .tw2 verbal adjectives aspect / mood relative (incl. nominal / emphatic) forms participles active passive active passive perfect šꜣ.n active + .tj1, .tw2 — — perfective šꜣw1, šꜣy, šꜣ active + .tj1, .tw2 šꜣ šꜣy, šꜣ imperfective šꜣꜣ, šꜣꜣy, šꜣꜣw5 active + .tj1, .tw2 šꜣꜣ, šꜣꜣj6, šꜣꜣy6 šꜣꜣ, šꜣꜣw5 prospective šꜣw1, šꜣy, šꜣ, šꜣtj7 — šꜣwtj1 4, šꜣtj4, šꜣt4 1 Used in Old Egyptian; archaic by Middle Egyptian. 2 Used mostly since Middle Egyptian. 3 Archaic or greatly restricted in usage by Middle Egyptian. The perfect has mostly taken over the functions of the perfective, and the subjunctive and periphrastic prospective have mostly replaced the prospective. 4 Declines using third-person suffix pronouns instead of adjectival endings: masculine .f/.fj, feminine .s/.sj, dual .sn/.snj, plural .sn. 5 Only in the masculine singular. 6 Only in the masculine. 7 Only in the feminine. 8 Third-person masculine statives of this class often have a final -y instead of the expected stative ending.

References

• Faulkner, Raymond Oliver (1962) A Concise Dictionary of Middle Egyptian, Oxford: Griffith Institute, →ISBN, pages 260–261
• James P[eter] Allen (2010) Middle Egyptian: An Introduction to the Language and Culture of Hieroglyphs, 2nd edition, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, pages 171, 254, 374.