tanggung

Indonesian

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈt̪aŋ.ɡʊŋ]
• Hyphenation: tang‧gung

Etymology 1

Etymology tree

Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *taŋguŋ

Malay tanggung

Indonesian tanggung

From Malay tanggung, from Classical Malay تڠݢوڠ (tanggung), from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *taŋguŋ (“carry on a shoulder pole”).

Verb

tanggung

1. to bear (a burden, loss, etc.)
2. to assume a risk
3. to guarantee; to warrantee; to be responsible for
4. to hold someone accountable or liable for
5. to take up a question, address

Conjugation

Conjugation of tanggung (meng-, intransitive)
Root	tanggung
	Active	Involuntary / Perfective	Passive	Basic / Imperative	Jussive
Active	menanggung	tertanggung	ditanggung	tanggung	tanggunglah
Locative	menanggungi	tertanggungi	ditanggungi	tanggungi	tanggungilah
Causative / Applicative1	menanggungkan	tertanggungkan	ditanggungkan	tanggungkan	tanggungkanlah
	Causative
Active	mempertanggung	terpertanggung	dipertanggung	pertanggung	pertanggunglah
Locative	mempertanggungi	terpertanggungi	dipertanggungi	pertanggungi	pertanggungilah
Causative / Applicative1	mempertanggungkan	terpertanggungkan	dipertanggungkan	pertanggungkan	pertanggungkanlah
1The -kan row is either causative or applicative, with transitive roots it mostly has applicative meaning. Notes: Some of these forms do normally not exist or are rarely used in standard Indonesian. Some forms may also change meaning.

Derived terms

• tanggung aib
• tanggung akibat
• tanggung budi
• tanggung derita
• tanggung gugat
• tanggung jawab
• tanggung jiwa
• tanggung kasih
• tanggung malu
• tanggung pinjaman
• tanggung ragam
• tanggung rahasia
• tanggung rindu
• tanggung rugi
• tanggung sabar
• tanggung sakit
• tanggung sengsara

 

Adjective

tanggung

1. guaranteed

Etymology 2

From Javanese tanggung.

Adjective

tanggung

1. medium; not quite adequate or enough (in quantity, size, etc.)
2. not quite on time; just too late
3. difficult (of choice, moment, etc.)

Further reading

• “tanggung” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.

Javanese

Javanese writing system
Carakan	ꦠꦁꦒꦸꦁ
Roman	tanggung

Etymology 1

From Old Javanese taṅguṅ (“carrying, bearing, burden, load”), from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *taŋguŋ (“carry on a shoulder pole”).

Verb

tanggung

1. to vouch for; to accept responsibility for

Derived terms

• nanggung

 

Noun

tanggung

1. security; pledge (for a loan)
2. responsibility; obligation

Etymology 2

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Adjective

tanggung (ngoko tanggung, krama tanggel)

1. medium; half-hearted; insufficient; only part

Descendants

• → Indonesian: tanggung

Further reading

• The Linguistic Center of Yogyakarta (2015) “tanggung”, in Kamus Basa Jawa (Bausastra Jawa) [Javanese Language Dictionary (Javanese Dictionary)] (in Javanese), Yogyakarta: Kanisius, →ISBN

Malay

Etymology

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *taŋguŋ (“carry on a shoulder pole”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /taŋ.ɡuŋ/
• (Johor-Riau) IPA^(key): [ˈt̪äŋ.ɡʊŋ], [ˈt̪äŋ.ɡoŋ]
• Rhymes: -ɡoŋ, -oŋ, -ʊŋ
• Rhymes: -uŋ

Verb

tanggung (Jawi spelling تڠݢوڠ)

1. to support on the shoulder
2. to bear up a heavy weight from below
3. (figurative) to bear up under trouble or misfortune
4. (figurative) to stand security for another

Derived terms

Affixed terms and other derivations

Regular affixed derivations:

• penanggung [agentive / qualitative / instrumental / abstract / measure] (peN-)
• penanggungan [agentive / qualitative / instrumental / abstract / measure + resultative / locative / collective / variety / verbal noun / fruit] (peN- + -an)
• tanggungan [resultative / locative / collective / variety / verbal noun / fruit] (-an)
• menanggung [agent focus] (meN-)
• menanggungkan [agent focus + causative benefactive] (meN- + -kan)
• ditanggung [patient focus] (di-)
• ditanggungkan [patient focus + causative benefactive] (di- + -kan)
• tertanggung [agentless action] (teR-)

Irregular affixed derivations, other derivations and compound words:

• tanggungjawab

Descendants

• Indonesian: tanggung

Further reading

• “tanggung” in Pusat Rujukan Persuratan Melayu | Malay Literary Reference Centre, Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka, 2017.