surra
English
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Marathi [script needed] (sūra, “air breathed through the nostrils”), imitative of heavy breathing through the nostrils.
Noun
[edit]surra (uncountable)
- A disease of vertebrate animals caused by protozoan trypanosomes, involving fever, weakness, and lethargy.
- 1901 May 24, “Veterinary Work at Uganda”, in The Agricultural Journal and Mining Record[1], volume 4, number 6, page 178:
- Whether the disease caused was Surra or Ngana time would not permit me to judge […]
Translations
[edit]Estonian
[edit]Verb
[edit]surra
- Da-infinitive of surema.
Finnish
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Proto-Finnic *surdak (“to die”) (compare Estonian surema (“to die”)), from Proto-Uralic *śure- (“to die”). The modern meaning is by contamination from surku; the original meaning is still found in the derivative surma (“killing”). May also be related to Erzya сырьмай (siŕmaj, “death”).
Pronunciation
[edit]Verb
[edit]surra
- (intransitive) to mourn, grieve (often because of someone's death)
- (transitive, usually atelic) to mourn, grieve ((over) someone dead)
Conjugation
[edit]Inflection of surra (Kotus type 67/tulla, no gradation) | |||||||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
indicative mood | |||||||||||||||||||||
present tense | perfect | ||||||||||||||||||||
person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative | ||||||||||||||||
1st sing. | suren | en sure | 1st sing. | olen surrut | en ole surrut | ||||||||||||||||
2nd sing. | suret | et sure | 2nd sing. | olet surrut | et ole surrut | ||||||||||||||||
3rd sing. | suree | ei sure | 3rd sing. | on surrut | ei ole surrut | ||||||||||||||||
1st plur. | suremme | emme sure | 1st plur. | olemme surreet | emme ole surreet | ||||||||||||||||
2nd plur. | surette | ette sure | 2nd plur. | olette surreet | ette ole surreet | ||||||||||||||||
3rd plur. | surevat | eivät sure | 3rd plur. | ovat surreet | eivät ole surreet | ||||||||||||||||
passive | surraan | ei surra | passive | on surtu | ei ole surtu | ||||||||||||||||
past tense | pluperfect | ||||||||||||||||||||
person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative | ||||||||||||||||
1st sing. | surin | en surrut | 1st sing. | olin surrut | en ollut surrut | ||||||||||||||||
2nd sing. | surit | et surrut | 2nd sing. | olit surrut | et ollut surrut | ||||||||||||||||
3rd sing. | suri | ei surrut | 3rd sing. | oli surrut | ei ollut surrut | ||||||||||||||||
1st plur. | surimme | emme surreet | 1st plur. | olimme surreet | emme olleet surreet | ||||||||||||||||
2nd plur. | suritte | ette surreet | 2nd plur. | olitte surreet | ette olleet surreet | ||||||||||||||||
3rd plur. | surivat | eivät surreet | 3rd plur. | olivat surreet | eivät olleet surreet | ||||||||||||||||
passive | surtiin | ei surtu | passive | oli surtu | ei ollut surtu | ||||||||||||||||
conditional mood | |||||||||||||||||||||
present | perfect | ||||||||||||||||||||
person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative | ||||||||||||||||
1st sing. | surisin | en surisi | 1st sing. | olisin surrut | en olisi surrut | ||||||||||||||||
2nd sing. | surisit | et surisi | 2nd sing. | olisit surrut | et olisi surrut | ||||||||||||||||
3rd sing. | surisi | ei surisi | 3rd sing. | olisi surrut | ei olisi surrut | ||||||||||||||||
1st plur. | surisimme | emme surisi | 1st plur. | olisimme surreet | emme olisi surreet | ||||||||||||||||
2nd plur. | surisitte | ette surisi | 2nd plur. | olisitte surreet | ette olisi surreet | ||||||||||||||||
3rd plur. | surisivat | eivät surisi | 3rd plur. | olisivat surreet | eivät olisi surreet | ||||||||||||||||
passive | surtaisiin | ei surtaisi | passive | olisi surtu | ei olisi surtu | ||||||||||||||||
imperative mood | |||||||||||||||||||||
present | perfect | ||||||||||||||||||||
person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative | ||||||||||||||||
1st sing. | — | — | 1st sing. | — | — | ||||||||||||||||
2nd sing. | sure | älä sure | 2nd sing. | — | — | ||||||||||||||||
3rd sing. | surkoon | älköön surko | 3rd sing. | olkoon surrut | älköön olko surrut | ||||||||||||||||
1st plur. | surkaamme | älkäämme surko | 1st plur. | — | — | ||||||||||||||||
2nd plur. | surkaa | älkää surko | 2nd plur. | — | — | ||||||||||||||||
3rd plur. | surkoot | älkööt surko | 3rd plur. | olkoot surreet | älkööt olko surreet | ||||||||||||||||
passive | surtakoon | älköön surtako | passive | olkoon surtu | älköön olko surtu | ||||||||||||||||
potential mood | |||||||||||||||||||||
present | perfect | ||||||||||||||||||||
person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative | ||||||||||||||||
1st sing. | surren | en surre | 1st sing. | lienen surrut | en liene surrut | ||||||||||||||||
2nd sing. | surret | et surre | 2nd sing. | lienet surrut | et liene surrut | ||||||||||||||||
3rd sing. | surree | ei surre | 3rd sing. | lienee surrut | ei liene surrut | ||||||||||||||||
1st plur. | surremme | emme surre | 1st plur. | lienemme surreet | emme liene surreet | ||||||||||||||||
2nd plur. | surrette | ette surre | 2nd plur. | lienette surreet | ette liene surreet | ||||||||||||||||
3rd plur. | surrevat | eivät surre | 3rd plur. | lienevät surreet | eivät liene surreet | ||||||||||||||||
passive | surtaneen | ei surtane | passive | lienee surtu | ei liene surtu | ||||||||||||||||
Nominal forms | |||||||||||||||||||||
infinitives | participles | ||||||||||||||||||||
active | passive | active | passive | ||||||||||||||||||
1st | surra | present | sureva | surtava | |||||||||||||||||
long 1st1 |
|
past | surrut | surtu | |||||||||||||||||
2nd | inessive2 | surressa | surtaessa | agent4 | surema | ||||||||||||||||
|
negative | surematon | |||||||||||||||||||
instructive | surren | — | 1) Used only with a possessive suffix. 2) Usually with a possessive suffix (active only). | ||||||||||||||||||
3rd | inessive | suremassa | — | ||||||||||||||||||
elative | suremasta | — | |||||||||||||||||||
illative | suremaan | — | |||||||||||||||||||
adessive | suremalla | — | |||||||||||||||||||
abessive | surematta | — | |||||||||||||||||||
instructive | sureman | surtaman | |||||||||||||||||||
4th3 | verbal noun | sureminen | |||||||||||||||||||
5th1 |
|
Antonyms
[edit]Derived terms
[edit]Related terms
[edit]Further reading
[edit]- “surra”, in Kielitoimiston sanakirja [Dictionary of Contemporary Finnish][2] (in Finnish) (online dictionary, continuously updated), Kotimaisten kielten keskuksen verkkojulkaisuja 35, Helsinki: Kotimaisten kielten tutkimuskeskus (Institute for the Languages of Finland), 2004–, retrieved 2023-07-03
Ingrian
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Proto-Finnic *surdak (“to die”). Cognates include Finnish surra and Estonian surra.
The sense "to die" is a semantic loan from a Southern Finnic language, either Estonian surra or Votic surra.
Pronunciation
[edit]- (Ala-Laukaa) IPA(key): /ˈsurːɑ/, [ˈs̠urː]
- (Soikkola) IPA(key): /ˈsurːɑ/, [ˈʃurːɑ]
- Rhymes: -urː, -urːɑ
- Hyphenation: sur‧ra
Verb
[edit]surra
- (intransitive) to mourn; grieve
- (intransitive) to die; pass away
- (transitive, usually atelic) to mourn; grieve
Conjugation
[edit]Conjugation of surra (type 11/pessä, no gradation, gemination) | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Indikativa | |||||
Preesens | Perfekta | ||||
positive | negative | positive | negative | ||
1st singular | suren | en sure | 1st singular | oon surt, oon surrut | en oo surt, en oo surrut |
2nd singular | suret | et sure | 2nd singular | oot surt, oot surrut | et oo surt, et oo surrut |
3rd singular | surroo | ei sure | 3rd singular | ono surt, ono surrut | ei oo surt, ei oo surrut |
1st plural | suremma | emmä sure | 1st plural | oomma surreet | emmä oo surreet |
2nd plural | suretta | että sure | 2nd plural | ootta surreet | että oo surreet |
3rd plural | surroot1), surevat2), surraa | evät sure, ei surra | 3rd plural | ovat surreet | evät oo surreet, ei oo surtu |
impersonal | surraa | ei surra | impersonal | ono surtu | ei oo surtu |
Imperfekta | Pluskvamperfekta | ||||
positive | negative | positive | negative | ||
1st singular | surin | en surt, en surrut | 1st singular | olin surt, olin surrut | en olt surt, en olt surrut |
2nd singular | surit | et surt, et surrut | 2nd singular | olit surt, olit surrut | et olt surt, et olt surrut |
3rd singular | suri | ei surt, ei surrut | 3rd singular | oli surt, oli surrut | ei olt surt, ei olt surrut |
1st plural | surimma | emmä surreet | 1st plural | olimma surreet | emmä olleet surreet |
2nd plural | suritta | että surreet | 2nd plural | olitta surreet | että olleet surreet |
3rd plural | surriit1), surivat2), surtii | evät surreet, ei surtu | 3rd plural | olivat surreet | evät olleet surreet, ei olt surtu |
impersonal | surtii | ei surtu | impersonal | oli surtu | ei olt surtu |
Konditsionala | |||||
Preesens | Perfekta | ||||
positive | negative | positive | negative | ||
1st singular | surisin | en suris | 1st singular | olisin surt, olisin surrut | en olis surt, en olis surrut |
2nd singular | surisit, surriist1) | et suris | 2nd singular | olisit surt, olisit surrut | et olis surt, et olis surrut |
3rd singular | suris | ei suris | 3rd singular | olis surt, olis surrut | ei olis surt, ei olis surrut |
1st plural | surisimma | emmä suris | 1st plural | olisimma surreet | emmä olis surreet |
2nd plural | surisitta | että suris | 2nd plural | olisitta surreet | että olis surreet |
3rd plural | surisiit1), surisivat2), surtais | evät suris, ei surtais | 3rd plural | olisivat surreet | evät olis surreet, ei olis surtu |
impersonal | surtais | ei surtais | impersonal | olis surtu | ei olis surtu |
Imperativa | |||||
Preesens | Perfekta | ||||
positive | negative | positive | negative | ||
1st singular | — | — | 1st singular | — | — |
2nd singular | sure | elä sure | 2nd singular | oo surt, oo surrut | elä oo surt, elä oo surrut |
3rd singular | surkoo | elköö surko | 3rd singular | olkoo surt, olkoo surrut | elköö olko surt, elköö olko surrut |
1st plural | — | — | 1st plural | — | — |
2nd plural | surkaa | elkää surko | 2nd plural | olkaa surreet | elkää olko surreet |
3rd plural | surkoot | elkööt surko, elköö surtako | 3rd plural | olkoot surreet | elkööt olko surreet, elköö olko surtu |
impersonal | surtakoo | elköö surtako | impersonal | olkoo surtu | elköö olko surtu |
Potentsiala | |||||
Preesens | |||||
positive | negative | ||||
1st singular | surren | en surre | |||
2nd singular | surret | et surre | |||
3rd singular | surroo | ei surre | |||
1st plural | surremma | emmä surre | |||
2nd plural | surretta | että surre | |||
3rd plural | surroot | evät surre, ei surtane | |||
impersonal | surtanoo | ei surtane | |||
Nominal forms | |||||
Infinitivat | Partisipat | ||||
active | passive | ||||
1st | surra | present | sureva | surtava | |
2nd | inessive | surrees | past | surt, surrut | surtu |
instructive | surren | 1) Chiefly in the Soikkola dialect. 2) Chiefly in the Ala-Laukaa dialect. *) For the imperative, the 2nd plural (surkaa) may be used for the 3rd person as well. **) The interrogative is formed by adding the suffix -k (-ka?/-kä?) to the indicative ***) The deliberative is formed by adding the suffix -k (-ka?/-kä?) or -kse to either the indicative or the potential ****) In folk poetry, a long first infinitive can be formed by adding the suffix -kse-, followed by possessive suffixes, to the first infinitive. Note that sometimes gemination may be undone by this addition. | |||
3rd | illative | suromaa | |||
inessive | suromaas | ||||
elative | suromast | ||||
abessive | suromata | ||||
4th | nominative | suromiin | |||
partitive | suromista, suromist |
Synonyms
[edit]- (to mourn): tusata
- (to die): koolla, saavva hukkaa, (of animals) nukkua, tavveta
Derived terms
[edit]References
[edit]- Ruben E. Nirvi (1971) Inkeroismurteiden Sanakirja, Helsinki: Suomalais-Ugrilainen Seura, page 551
Italian
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Borrowed from Marathi [script needed] (sūra, “air breathed through the nostrils”), of imitative origin.
Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]surra f (uncountable)
- surra (disease of animals)
Further reading
[edit]- surra in Treccani.it – Vocabolario Treccani on line, Istituto dell'Enciclopedia Italiana
Norwegian Nynorsk
[edit]Verb
[edit]surra (present tense surrar, past tense surra, past participle surra, passive infinitive surrast, present participle surrande, imperative surra/surr)
- Alternative form of surre
Anagrams
[edit]Portuguese
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]
- Rhymes: -uʁɐ
- Hyphenation: sur‧ra
Etymology 1
[edit]Deverbal from surrar (“to beat”).
Noun
[edit]surra f (plural surras)
- (informal) beating, spanking
- spanking on the buttocks
- (Brazil, figuratively) a resounding defeat
Etymology 2
[edit]Verb
[edit]surra
- inflection of surrar:
Further reading
[edit]- “surra”, in Dicionário Priberam da Língua Portuguesa (in Portuguese), Lisbon: Priberam, 2008–2024
Swedish
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Of imitative origin, see also Danish sur.
Verb
[edit]surra (present surrar, preterite surrade, supine surrat, imperative surra)
- to buzz (make a buzzing sound, of for example bees)
- surrande bin
- buzzing bees
- to talk, to buzz (often of many people)
- Vad surrar ni om?
- What are you talking about?
- to buzz (of rumors or the like)
- Rykten surrade i stan
- Rumors were buzzing about town
- (sometimes with fast) to secure (for example cargo) with a rope
- Surra lasten, en storm är på väg
- Secure the cargo, a storm is coming
Conjugation
[edit]Active | Passive | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
Infinitive | surra | surras | ||
Supine | surrat | surrats | ||
Imperative | surra | — | ||
Imper. plural1 | surren | — | ||
Present | Past | Present | Past | |
Indicative | surrar | surrade | surras | surrades |
Ind. plural1 | surra | surrade | surras | surrades |
Subjunctive2 | surre | surrade | surres | surrades |
Participles | ||||
Present participle | surrande | |||
Past participle | surrad | |||
1 Archaic. 2 Dated. See the appendix on Swedish verbs. |
Related terms
[edit]References
[edit]- surra in Svensk ordbok (SO)
- surra in Svenska Akademiens ordlista (SAOL)
- surra in Svenska Akademiens ordbok (SAOB)
Anagrams
[edit]- English terms borrowed from Marathi
- English terms derived from Marathi
- English onomatopoeias
- English lemmas
- English nouns
- English uncountable nouns
- English terms with quotations
- en:Insect-borne diseases
- en:Trypanosomal diseases
- en:Vector-borne diseases
- Estonian non-lemma forms
- Estonian verb forms
- Finnish terms inherited from Proto-Finnic
- Finnish terms derived from Proto-Finnic
- Finnish terms inherited from Proto-Uralic
- Finnish terms derived from Proto-Uralic
- Finnish 2-syllable words
- Finnish terms with IPA pronunciation
- Rhymes:Finnish/urːɑ
- Rhymes:Finnish/urːɑ/2 syllables
- Finnish lemmas
- Finnish verbs
- Finnish intransitive verbs
- Finnish transitive verbs
- Finnish tulla-type verbs
- Ingrian terms inherited from Proto-Finnic
- Ingrian terms derived from Proto-Finnic
- Ingrian semantic loans from Finnic languages
- Ingrian terms derived from Finnic languages
- Ingrian terms with IPA pronunciation
- Rhymes:Ingrian/urː
- Rhymes:Ingrian/urː/2 syllables
- Rhymes:Ingrian/urːɑ
- Rhymes:Ingrian/urːɑ/2 syllables
- Ingrian lemmas
- Ingrian verbs
- Ingrian intransitive verbs
- Ingrian transitive verbs
- Italian terms borrowed from Marathi
- Italian terms derived from Marathi
- Italian onomatopoeias
- Italian 2-syllable words
- Italian terms with IPA pronunciation
- Rhymes:Italian/urra
- Rhymes:Italian/urra/2 syllables
- Italian lemmas
- Italian nouns
- Italian uncountable nouns
- Italian feminine nouns
- Norwegian Nynorsk lemmas
- Norwegian Nynorsk verbs
- Norwegian Nynorsk weak verbs
- Portuguese 2-syllable words
- Portuguese terms with IPA pronunciation
- Rhymes:Portuguese/uʁɐ
- Rhymes:Portuguese/uʁɐ/2 syllables
- Portuguese deverbals
- Portuguese lemmas
- Portuguese nouns
- Portuguese countable nouns
- Portuguese feminine nouns
- Portuguese informal terms
- Brazilian Portuguese
- Portuguese non-lemma forms
- Portuguese verb forms
- Swedish onomatopoeias
- Swedish lemmas
- Swedish verbs
- Swedish terms with usage examples
- Swedish weak verbs
- sv:Animal sounds