sukāt
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Latvian
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From the same stem as suka (“brush”) (q.v.), made into a second conjugation verb stem (ending -āt).[1]
Pronunciation
[edit]Verb
[edit]sukāt (transitive, 2nd conjugation, present sukāju, sukā, sukā, past sukāju)
- (of people) to brush, to comb (to smooth one's hair with a brush, a comb)
- sukāt matus ― to brush one's hair
- sukāt galvu ― to brush one's head (= hair)
- jo intensīvāk matus sukā, jo tiem dabiskāks kritums ― the more intensively (one) brushes (one's) hair, the more naturally they fall
- kauna, kauna tev, meitiņa, / nesukāti tev matiņi! ― shame, shame on you, girl / your hair is not brushed (unkempt)
- (of animals) to brush (to smooth, also to clean, an animal, its fur, with a brush)
- kučieris staļļa priekšā sukā un tīra zirgus ― the coachman brushes and cleans the horses in front of the stable
- (of flax, hemp and similar plants) to heckle, to comb with a heckle (to pull the fiberss through a heckle — a brush-like instrument — in order to remove the straw from the fibers)
- sukāt linus ― to comb, to heckle flax
- nu viņa izskatījās visa kā sukātu linu sauja ― now she looked as if she were combing some flax
- (colloquial) to birch, to thrash, to beat, usually as punishment
- nu atkal māte sukās par nedarbiem ― now again mother will thrash me for (my) mischief
- “Labdien, cienījams skolas kungs!” māte sveicināja paklanīdamās un stūma dēlu uz priekšu: “atvedu jums ko sukāt vienu palaidni” ― “good morning, honored school principal!” the mother greeted with abow and pushed (her) son forward: “I am bringing you a mischief-maker to punish”
- (colloquial) to gobble, to eat hastily, with great appetite
- sukāt maizi ― to eat, to gobble (lit. brush) bread
- sukā tikai visu nost! ― just eat (lit. brush) it all up!
- te pārdevēji katru brīdi varēja sēst klāt un sukāt par velti kunga speķi un kāpostus ― here the salesmen could at any moment sit down and quickly eat bacon and cabbage for free
- tikko ticis atpakaļ laivā, šis jau raisa maisu vaļā un ņemas sukāt, it kā ābolu neredzējis ― as soon as he was back on the boat, he opened the bag and started eating (lit. brushing), as if he hadn't seen the apple
- (colloquial) to go fast, to run
- tur būs labs gabals ko sukāt ― there will be a lot (of distance) to run (lit. to brush) there
- līdz tilta viņam galam ir krietni ko sukāt ― to the bridge he really had a lot (of distance) to run (lit. to brush)
- sukājām kājām pa šoseju ― we ran (lit. brushed) on foot on the road
Conjugation
[edit]conjugation of sukāt
INDICATIVE (īstenības izteiksme) | IMPERATIVE (pavēles izteiksme) | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Present (tagadne) |
Past (pagātne) |
Future (nākotne) | |||
1st pers. sg. | es | sukāju | sukāju | sukāšu | — |
2nd pers. sg. | tu | sukā | sukāji | sukāsi | sukā |
3rd pers. sg. | viņš, viņa | sukā | sukāja | sukās | lai sukā |
1st pers. pl. | mēs | sukājam | sukājām | sukāsim | sukāsim |
2nd pers. pl. | jūs | sukājat | sukājāt | sukāsiet, sukāsit |
sukājiet |
3rd pers. pl. | viņi, viņas | sukā | sukāja | sukās | lai sukā |
RENARRATIVE (atstāstījuma izteiksme) | PARTICIPLES (divdabji) | ||||
Present | sukājot | Present Active 1 (Adj.) | sukājošs | ||
Past | esot sukājis | Present Active 2 (Adv.) | sukādams | ||
Future | sukāšot | Present Active 3 (Adv.) | sukājot | ||
Imperative | lai sukājot | Present Active 4 (Obj.) | sukājam | ||
CONDITIONAL (vēlējuma izteiksme) | Past Active | sukājis | |||
Present | sukātu | Present Passive | sukājams | ||
Past | būtu sukājis | Past Passive | sukāts | ||
DEBITIVE (vajadzības izteiksme) | NOMINAL FORMS | ||||
Indicative | (būt) jāsukā | Infinitive (nenoteiksme) | sukāt | ||
Conjunctive 1 | esot jāsukā | Negative Infinitive | nesukāt | ||
Conjunctive 2 | jāsukājot | Verbal noun | sukāšana |
Synonyms
[edit]- (of "brushing, combing"): ķemmēt
- (of "thrashing, beating"): pērt
- (of "gobbling"): locīt
- (of "running"): skriet
Derived terms
[edit]- prefixed verbs:
- other derived terms:
Related terms
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ Karulis, Konstantīns (1992) “suka”, in Latviešu Etimoloģijas Vārdnīca[1] (in Latvian), Rīga: AVOTS, →ISBN