sbḥ

See also: SbH₃

Egyptian

Etymology

Possibly related to Arabic سَبَّحَ (sabbaḥa, “to praise, to glorify”) and Hebrew שבח (shibéakh, “to praise, to appreciate”).

Pronunciation

• (modern Egyptological) IPA^(key): /sɛbɛh/
  • Conventional anglicization: sebeh

Verb

 3-lit.

1. (intransitive) to cry out, to scream (in pain or lamentation) [since the Pyramid Texts]
2. (intransitive, of birds) to produce a birdcall, to cry, to call

Inflection

Conjugation of sbḥ (triliteral / 3-lit. / 3rad.) — base stem: sbḥ, geminated stem: sbḥḥ

infinitival forms			imperative
infinitive	negatival complement	complementary infinitive1	singular	plural
sbḥ	sbḥw, sbḥ	sbḥt	sbḥ	sbḥ

‘pseudoverbal’ forms
stative stem	periphrastic imperfective2		periphrastic prospective2
sbḥ	ḥr sbḥ	m sbḥ	r sbḥ

suffix conjugation
aspect / mood	active	contingent
		aspect / mood	active
perfect	sbḥ.n	consecutive	sbḥ.jn
terminative	sbḥt
perfective3	sbḥ	obligative1	sbḥ.ḫr
imperfective	sbḥ
prospective3	sbḥ	potentialis1	sbḥ.kꜣ
subjunctive	sbḥ

verbal adjectives
aspect / mood	relative (incl. nominal / emphatic) forms	participles
	active	active	passive
perfect	sbḥ.n	—	—
perfective	sbḥ	sbḥ	sbḥ, sbḥw5, sbḥy5
imperfective	sbḥ, sbḥy, sbḥw5	sbḥ, sbḥj6, sbḥy6	sbḥ, sbḥw5
prospective	sbḥ, sbḥtj7	sbḥtj4, sbḥt4
Used in Old Egyptian; archaic by Middle Egyptian. Used mostly since Middle Egyptian. Archaic or greatly restricted in usage by Middle Egyptian. The perfect has mostly taken over the functions of the perfective, and the subjunctive and periphrastic prospective have mostly replaced the prospective. Declines using third-person suffix pronouns instead of adjectival endings: masculine .f/.fj, feminine .s/.sj, dual .sn/.snj, plural .sn. Only in the masculine singular. Only in the masculine. Only in the feminine.

Alternative forms

Alternative hieroglyphic writings of sbḥ  

sbḥ	sbḥ	sbḥ	sbḥ	sbḥ
[Pyramid Texts]	[Pyramid Texts]	[since the Pyramid Texts]	[since the Pyramid Texts]	[since the Middle Kingdom]

Noun

 m

1. cry, scream, shriek [since the Pyramid Texts]

Inflection

Declension of sbḥ (masculine)

singular	sbḥ
dual	sbḥwj
plural	sbḥw

Alternative forms

See under the verb above.

References

• Erman, Adolf, Grapow, Hermann (1930) Wörterbuch der ägyptischen Sprache‎^[1], volume 4, Berlin: Akademie-Verlag, →ISBN, pages 90.11–91.7
• Hoch, James (1997) Middle Egyptian Grammar, Mississauga: Benben Publications, →ISBN, page 112