rast
Albanian
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Borrowed from Ottoman Turkish راست (rast), from Classical Persian راست (rāst).
Noun
[edit]rast m (plural raste, definite rasti, definite plural rastet)
Declension
[edit]German
[edit]Etymology 1
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]Verb
[edit]rast
- inflection of rasen:
Etymology 2
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]Verb
[edit]rast
Latvian
[edit]Etymology
[edit]This word is the reflex of two different Proto-Indo-European forms: *wer-d-, *wr-ed- (“to bend, to sway”) and *werdʰ-, *wr-edʰ-, *h₃erdʰ- (“to grow; high”), both from the stem *wer- (“to bend, to turn”).[1] Both forms yielded Proto-Baltic *red-, *rad-, from which *rad-ti > *rasti > rast.
The present tense form was derived with an extra n: *randuo > *ruodu > rodu; cf. dialectal variants ronu, romu. From the meaning “to bend, to sway” came “to raise, to obtain (by bending down to get it)” > “to obtain, to get, to find.” From the meaning “to grow” came not only the meanings of the Lithuanian reflexive form, but also those of Latvian related forms like raža (“harvest”), rasma (“fecundity”), radīt (“to create”), radi (“relatives”) and the 18th-century adjective rastīgs (“fertile, successful”). This semantic diversity also explains the divergent meanings of the derived prefixed verbs (atrast (“to find; to lose a habit, a skill”), ierast parast, pierast (“to get used to”), etc.).
Cognates include Lithuanian ràsti (“to find, to obain by searching; to notice; to determine, to establish; to happen, to be”), reflexive ràstis (“to grow quickly, strongly; to give birth; to rise, to get up; to become; to happen; to come, to arrive; to get somewhere”); from *werd- (“to bend, to sway”), also Gothic 𐍅𐍂𐌰𐍄𐍉 (wratō, “to go, to travel”), Icelandic rata (“to travel, to find one's way”), Middle High German razzeln (“to turn”); from *werdʰ (“to grow”), Old Church Slavonic расти (rasti, “to grow”), Russian расти́ (rastí), Polish róść, Sanskrit वर्धति (várdhati), वृधति (vr̥dháti, “to grow, to increase”), Ancient Greek ὀρθός (orthós, “straight, upright”) (and perhaps also, from a possible variant form *Herdʰ, *Hredʰ-, Latin arduus (“lofty, high”), arbor (“tree”)).[2]
Pronunciation
[edit]Verb
[edit]rast (transitive, 1st conjugation, present rodu, rodi, rod, past radu)
- to find (to cause by searching that something (desirable, necessary) be present, in use, or in one's possession)
- rast jaunu dzimteni ― to find a new homeland
- nerast nekur mieru ― to not find peace anywhere
- rast kopīgu valodu ― to find a common language (= to communicate)
- mīļa, mīļa tēva sēta, kur mīļaku vietu rast! ― dear, dear father's (= home) ranch, where to find a favorite place!
- to find (to discover via research)
- institūta laboratorijās rastas jaunas sveķu izmantošanas iespējas ― in the laboratories of the institute new possibilities of use for resin (were) found
- to find (to choose, e.g., the right word, in one's thoughts)
- kā lai vārdus rod? ― how does one find the (right) words?
- to find, to receive (e.g., help, understanding, from others)
- kur rast atbalstu? draugos? ― where to find support? with (lit. in) friends?
- viņš rod ierosmi dabā ― he finds inspiration in nature
- viņa gribētu rast apstiprinājumu ― she would like to find approval
- to find, to start (e.g., a state, a situation, a relationship)
- rast draudzību ― to find friendship
- komponista sirsnība un vienkāršība palīdzēja rast ciešu kontaktu ar publiku ― the composer's sincerity and simplicity helped him find, achieve chose contact with the audience
- to find (to be such that a certain mental state is caused)
- rast spēkus, mierinājumu, prieku ― to find strength, comfort, joy
- rast prieku darbā ― to find joy in work
- cik sevi vēros, vairāk sāpes radu ― the more I observe myself, the more I find pain
- (in the past active participle form radis) accustomed, used to
- viņš nebija radis daudz domāt, tāpēc jutās noguris ― he wasn't used to thinking a lot, so he felt tired
- meitene pie grūta darba nav radusi ― the girl wasn't used to hard work
- (rare, in the past passive participle form rasts) usual, well-known
- uz ciemu īstenībā ved ne viens vien ceļš, bet tā ir rasts un iegājies, ka tos citus vairs neizmanto ― in fact more than one road leads to the village, but it is well known tradition that the others are no longer used
Conjugation
[edit]INDICATIVE (īstenības izteiksme) | IMPERATIVE (pavēles izteiksme) | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Present (tagadne) |
Past (pagātne) |
Future (nākotne) | |||
1st pers. sg. | es | rodu | radu | radīšu | — |
2nd pers. sg. | tu | rodi | radi | radīsi | rodi |
3rd pers. sg. | viņš, viņa | rod | rada | radīs | lai rod |
1st pers. pl. | mēs | rodam | radām | radīsim | radīsim |
2nd pers. pl. | jūs | rodat | radāt | radīsiet, radīsit |
rodiet |
3rd pers. pl. | viņi, viņas | rod | rada | radīs | lai rod |
RENARRATIVE (atstāstījuma izteiksme) | PARTICIPLES (divdabji) | ||||
Present | rodot | Present Active 1 (Adj.) | rodošs | ||
Past | esot radis | Present Active 2 (Adv.) | razdams | ||
Future | radīšot | Present Active 3 (Adv.) | rodot | ||
Imperative | lai rodot | Present Active 4 (Obj.) | rodam | ||
CONDITIONAL (vēlējuma izteiksme) | Past Active | radis | |||
Present | rastu | Present Passive | rodams | ||
Past | būtu radis | Past Passive | rasts | ||
DEBITIVE (vajadzības izteiksme) | NOMINAL FORMS | ||||
Indicative | (būt) jārod | Infinitive (nenoteiksme) | rast | ||
Conjunctive 1 | esot jārod | Negative Infinitive | nerast | ||
Conjunctive 2 | jārodot | Verbal noun | rašana |
Derived terms
[edit]- prefixed verbs:
- other derived terms:
Related terms
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ There is some doubt about the correctness of this Proto-Indo-European form. The Lexikon der Indogermanischen Verben (ref.?) proposes *redh- (“to appear, to arise”) as the source for this verb.
- ^ Karulis, Konstantīns (1992) “rast”, in Latviešu Etimoloģijas Vārdnīca[1] (in Latvian), Rīga: AVOTS, →ISBN
Northern Kurdish
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Proto-Iranian *Hraštáh, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *Hraštás, from Proto-Indo-European *h₃reǵtós (“having moved in a straight line”), from *h₃reǵ- (“to straighten, direct”). Cognate with English right.
Pronunciation
[edit]Adjective
[edit]rast
Norwegian Bokmål
[edit]Verb
[edit]rast
- past participle of rase
Romanian
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Borrowed from Old Church Slavonic растъ (rastŭ).
Noun
[edit]rast n (uncountable)
Declension
[edit]Serbo-Croatian
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Inherited from Proto-Slavic *orstъ.
Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]rȃst m (Cyrillic spelling ра̑ст)
Declension
[edit]Related terms
[edit]References
[edit]- “rast” in Hrvatski jezični portal
Slovene
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Inherited from Proto-Slavic *orstъ.
Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]rȃst f
Inflection
[edit]Feminine, i-stem, long mixed accent | ||
---|---|---|
nominative | rást | |
genitive | rastí | |
singular | ||
nominative (imenovȃlnik) |
rást | |
genitive (rodȋlnik) |
rastí | |
dative (dajȃlnik) |
rásti | |
accusative (tožȋlnik) |
rást | |
locative (mẹ̑stnik) |
rásti | |
instrumental (orọ̑dnik) |
rastjó |
Related terms
[edit]Further reading
[edit]- “rast”, in Slovarji Inštituta za slovenski jezik Frana Ramovša ZRC SAZU, portal Fran
Swedish
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Old Norse rǫst, from Proto-Germanic *rastō, *rastijō (“rest”), from Proto-Indo-European *ros-, *res-, *erH- (“rest”).
Noun
[edit]rast c
- (countable or uncountable) a break (rest or pause, usually from work)
- Nu tar vi rast
- Let's take a break
- (countable or uncountable) recess, break, breaktime (between classes in school)
- Hur lång är rasten?
- How long is recess?
Declension
[edit]Related terms
[edit]See also
[edit]- lov (longer break, like summer break)
References
[edit]- rast in Svensk ordbok (SO)
- rast in Svenska Akademiens ordlista (SAOL)
- rast in Svenska Akademiens ordbok (SAOB)
Anagrams
[edit]Tat
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Cognate with Persian راست (rāst).
Adjective
[edit]rast
- right (dexter)
Turkish
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Inherited from Ottoman Turkish راست (rast), from Classical Persian راست (rāst).
Pronunciation
[edit]Adjective
[edit]rast (dated)
Declension
[edit]present tense | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
positive, declarative |
positive, interrogative |
negative, declarative |
negative, interrogative | |
ben (I am) | rastım | rast mıyım? | rast değilim | rast değil miyim? |
sen (you are) | rastsın | rast mısın? | rast değilsin | rast değil misin? |
o (he/she/it is) | rast / rasttır | rast mı? | rast değil | rast değil mi? |
biz (we are) | rastız | rast mıyız? | rast değiliz | rast değil miyiz? |
siz (you are) | rastsınız | rast mısınız? | rast değilsiniz | rast değil misiniz? |
onlar (they are) | rast(lar) | rast(lar) mı? | rast değil(ler) | rast değiller mi? |
past tense | ||||
positive, declarative |
positive, interrogative |
negative, declarative |
negative, interrogative | |
ben (I was) | rasttım | rast mıydım? | rast değildim | rast değil miydim? |
sen (you were) | rasttın | rast mıydın? | rast değildin | rast değil miydin? |
o (he/she/it was) | rasttı | rast mıydı? | rast değildi | rast değil miydi? |
biz (we were) | rasttık | rast mıydık? | rast değildik | rast değil miydik? |
siz (you were) | rasttınız | rast mıydınız? | rast değildiniz | rast değil miydiniz? |
onlar (they were) | rasttılar | rast mıydılar? | rast değildi(ler) / değillerdi | rast değil miydiler? |
indirect past | ||||
positive, declarative |
positive, interrogative |
negative, declarative |
negative, interrogative | |
ben (I was) | rastmışım | rast mıymışım? | rast değilmişim | rast değil miymişim? |
sen (you were) | rastmışsın | rast mıymışsın? | rast değilmişsin | rast değil miymişsin? |
o (he/she/it was) | rastmış | rast mıymış? | rast değilmiş | rast değil miymiş? |
biz (we were) | rastmışız | rast mıymışız? | rast değilmişiz | rast değil miymişiz? |
siz (you were) | rastmışsınız | rast mıymışsınız? | rast değilmişsiniz | rast değil miymişsiniz? |
onlar (they were) | rastmışlar | rast mıymışlar? | rast değilmiş(ler) / değillermiş | rast değil miymişler? |
conditional | ||||
positive, declarative |
positive, interrogative |
negative, declarative |
negative, interrogative | |
ben (if I) | rastsam | rast mıysam? | rast değilsem | rast değil miysem? |
sen (if you) | rastsan | rast mıysan? | rast değilsen | rast değil miysen? |
o (if he/she/it) | rastsa | rast mıysa? | rast değilse | rast değil miyse? |
biz (if we) | rastsak | rast mıysak? | rast değilsek | rast değil miysek? |
siz (if you) | rastsanız | rast mıysanız? | rast değilseniz | rast değil miyseniz? |
onlar (if they) | rastsalar | rast mıysalar? | rast değilseler / değillerse | rast değil miyseler? |
Noun
[edit]rast (definite accusative rastı, plural rastlar)
Declension
[edit]Inflection | ||
---|---|---|
Nominative | rast | |
Definite accusative | rastı | |
Singular | Plural | |
Nominative | rast | rastlar |
Definite accusative | rastı | rastları |
Dative | rasta | rastlara |
Locative | rastta | rastlarda |
Ablative | rasttan | rastlardan |
Genitive | rastın | rastların |
Derived terms
[edit]Further reading
[edit]- “rast”, in Turkish dictionaries, Türk Dil Kurumu
- Çağbayır, Yaşar (2007) “rast”, in Ötüken Türkçe Sözlük (in Turkish), Istanbul: Ötüken Neşriyat, page 3940a
- Nişanyan, Sevan (2002–) “rast”, in Nişanyan Sözlük
- Latvian etymologies from LEV
- Albanian terms borrowed from Ottoman Turkish
- Albanian terms derived from Ottoman Turkish
- Albanian terms derived from Classical Persian
- Albanian lemmas
- Albanian nouns
- Albanian masculine nouns
- German 1-syllable words
- German terms with IPA pronunciation
- German non-lemma forms
- German verb forms
- German colloquialisms
- Latvian terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Latvian terms derived from Proto-Baltic
- Latvian terms with IPA pronunciation
- Latvian transitive verbs
- Latvian lemmas
- Latvian verbs
- Latvian terms with usage examples
- Latvian first conjugation verbs
- Latvian first conjugation verbs in -t
- Latvian a/o/a-s/d type first conjugation verbs
- Latvian first conjugation verbs in -zt or -st
- Northern Kurdish terms inherited from Proto-Iranian
- Northern Kurdish terms derived from Proto-Iranian
- Northern Kurdish terms inherited from Proto-Indo-Iranian
- Northern Kurdish terms derived from Proto-Indo-Iranian
- Northern Kurdish terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European
- Northern Kurdish terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Northern Kurdish 1-syllable words
- Northern Kurdish terms with IPA pronunciation
- Northern Kurdish lemmas
- Northern Kurdish adjectives
- Norwegian Bokmål non-lemma forms
- Norwegian Bokmål verb forms
- Romanian terms borrowed from Old Church Slavonic
- Romanian terms derived from Old Church Slavonic
- Romanian lemmas
- Romanian nouns
- Romanian uncountable nouns
- Romanian neuter nouns
- Serbo-Croatian terms inherited from Proto-Slavic
- Serbo-Croatian terms derived from Proto-Slavic
- Serbo-Croatian terms with IPA pronunciation
- Serbo-Croatian lemmas
- Serbo-Croatian nouns
- Serbo-Croatian masculine nouns
- Serbo-Croatian uncountable nouns
- Slovene terms inherited from Proto-Slavic
- Slovene terms derived from Proto-Slavic
- Slovene 1-syllable words
- Slovene terms with IPA pronunciation
- Slovene lemmas
- Slovene nouns
- Slovene feminine nouns
- Slovene feminine i-stem nouns
- Slovene feminine i-stem nouns with long mixed accent
- Swedish terms derived from Old Norse
- Swedish terms derived from Proto-Germanic
- Swedish terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Swedish lemmas
- Swedish nouns
- Swedish common-gender nouns
- Swedish countable nouns
- Swedish uncountable nouns
- Swedish terms with usage examples
- Tat lemmas
- Tat adjectives
- Turkish terms inherited from Ottoman Turkish
- Turkish terms derived from Ottoman Turkish
- Turkish terms derived from Classical Persian
- Turkish terms with IPA pronunciation
- Rhymes:Turkish/ɑst
- Turkish lemmas
- Turkish adjectives
- Turkish dated terms
- Turkish nouns
- tr:Music