hirm
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See also: Hirm
Estonian
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Proto-Finnic *hirmu. Cognate with Finnish hirmu, Votic irmu, Ingrian hirmu, Karelian hirmu and Livonian irm.
Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]hirm (genitive hirmu, partitive hirmu)
- fear, fright; terror; horror; anxiety; dread
- A state of agitation caused by a distinctively perceptible danger (with genitive case + ees; elative case; genitive case + pärast; partitive case + verb).
- Naine tundis kohutavat hirmu vananemise ees.
- The woman was terribly afraid of ageing.
- (literally, “The woman felt terrible fear in front of ageing.”)
- Hirm töökohta kaotada on suur.
- The fear of losing my job is big.
- A frightening creature or thing.
- See koer on meie tänava hirm.
- Everyone on our street is terrified of that dog.
- (literally, “That dog is the fear of our street.”)
- Tyranny, reign of terror.
- Pätikamp hoidis tervet küla hirmu all.
- The gang of thugs was holding the whole village under their tyranny.
- A state of agitation caused by a distinctively perceptible danger (with genitive case + ees; elative case; genitive case + pärast; partitive case + verb).
Declension
[edit]Declension of hirm (ÕS type 22e/riik, length gradation) | |||
---|---|---|---|
singular | plural | ||
nominative | hirm | hirmud | |
accusative | nom. | ||
gen. | hirmu | ||
genitive | hirmude | ||
partitive | hirmu | hirme hirmusid | |
illative | hirmu hirmusse |
hirmudesse hirmesse | |
inessive | hirmus | hirmudes hirmes | |
elative | hirmust | hirmudest hirmest | |
allative | hirmule | hirmudele hirmele | |
adessive | hirmul | hirmudel hirmel | |
ablative | hirmult | hirmudelt hirmelt | |
translative | hirmuks | hirmudeks hirmeks | |
terminative | hirmuni | hirmudeni | |
essive | hirmuna | hirmudena | |
abessive | hirmuta | hirmudeta | |
comitative | hirmuga | hirmudega |
Synonyms
[edit]- (state of agitation): hirmutunne
Derived terms
[edit]Derived terms
References
[edit]- “hirm”, in [PSV] Eesti keele põhisõnavara sõnastik [Dictionary of Estonian Basic Vocabulary] (in Estonian) (online version, not updated), Tallinn: Eesti Keele Sihtasutus (Estonian Language Foundation), 2014
- “hirm”, in [EKSS] Eesti keele seletav sõnaraamat [Descriptive Dictionary of the Estonian Language] (in Estonian) (online version), Tallinn: Eesti Keele Sihtasutus (Estonian Language Foundation), 2009
- “hirm”, in [ÕS] Eesti õigekeelsussõnaraamat ÕS 2018 [Estonian Spelling Dictionary] (in Estonian) (online version), Tallinn: Eesti Keele Sihtasutus (Estonian Language Foundation), 2018, →ISBN
- hirm in Sõnaveeb (Eesti Keele Instituut)