gardar
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Franco-Provençal
[edit]Verb
[edit]gardar (Old Beaujolais)
References
[edit]- gardar in Lo trèsor Arpitan – on arpitan.eu
Galician
[edit]Alternative forms
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Inherited from Old Galician-Portuguese gardar, from Early Medieval Latin wardāre.
Pronunciation
[edit]Verb
[edit]gardar (first-person singular present gardo, first-person singular preterite gardei, past participle gardado)
- (transitive) to guard, watch
- (transitive) to guard, protect
- 1460, Rui Vasques, Crónica de Santa María de Iria, Santiago: Ediciós do Castro, page 135:
- Et logo comesçou a rreparrar o castello do Est por gardar a terra dos ysmaelitas et normanos, que entrauã porla rria e estragauã toda a terra.
- And then he began to repair the castle of Oeste, to protect the country from the Ismaelites and the Norsemen, who used to enter through the firth, then wasting all the land
- (transitive) to keep
- (reflexive) to avoid, to abstain, to keep [with de (+ infinitive) ‘from doing something’]
- (reflexive) to protect oneself [with de ‘from something’]
Conjugation
[edit] Conjugation of gardar
Reintegrated conjugation of gardar (See Appendix:Reintegrationism)
1Less recommended.
Derived terms
[edit]Related terms
[edit]References
[edit]- Ernesto Xosé González Seoane, María Álvarez de la Granja, Ana Isabel Boullón Agrelo (2006–2022) “gardar”, in Dicionario de Dicionarios do galego medieval (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
- Xavier Varela Barreiro, Xavier Gómez Guinovart (2006–2018) “gardar”, in Corpus Xelmírez - Corpus lingüístico da Galicia medieval (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: ILG
- Antón Luís Santamarina Fernández, editor (2006–2013), “gardar”, in Dicionario de Dicionarios da lingua galega [Dictionary of Dictionaries of the Galician language] (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
- “gardar”, in Dicionario da Real Academia Galega (in Galician), A Coruña: Royal Galician Academy, 2012–2024
- Antón Luís Santamarina Fernández, Ernesto Xosé González Seoane, María Álvarez de la Granja, editors (2003–2018), “gardar”, in Tesouro informatizado da lingua galega (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
- “gardar” in Dicionário Estraviz de galego (2014).
- Rosario Álvarez Blanco, editor (2014–2024), “gardar”, in Tesouro do léxico patrimonial galego e portugués (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega, →ISSN
Norwegian Nynorsk
[edit]Etymology 1
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]gardar m
- indefinite plural of gard
Etymology 2
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]gardar m
Occitan
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Inherited from Old Occitan g(u)ardar, from Early Medieval Latin wardāre.
Pronunciation
[edit]Audio: (file)
Verb
[edit]gardar (Languedoc, Vivaro-Alpine)
- to protect
Conjugation
[edit]simple | compound | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
infinitive | gardar | aver gardat | |||||
gerund | gardant | use gerund of aver + past participle | |||||
past participle | gardat | — | |||||
person | singular | plural | |||||
first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
indicative | ieu | tu | el | nosautres | vosautres | eles | |
present | gardi | gardas | garda | gardam | gardatz | gardan | |
imperfect | gardavi | gardavas | gardava | gardàvem | gardàvetz | gardavan | |
preterite | gardèri | gardères | gardèt | gardèrem | gardèretz | gardèron | |
future | gardarai | gardaràs | gardarà | gardarem | gardaretz | gardaràn | |
conditional | gardariái | gardariás | gardariá | gardariam | gardariatz | gardarián | |
conditional 2nd form1 | gardèra | gardèras | gardèra | garderam | garderatz | gardèran | |
compound tenses |
present perfect | use the present tense of aver + past participle | |||||
pluperfect | use the imperfect tense of aver + past participle | ||||||
past anterior | use the preterite tense of aver + past participle | ||||||
future perfect | use the future tense of aver + past participle | ||||||
conditional perfect | use the conditional tense of aver + past participle | ||||||
subjunctive | que ieu | que tu | que el | que nosautres | que vosautres | que eles | |
present | garde | gardes | garde | gardem | gardetz | garden | |
imperfect | gardèssi | gardèsses | gardèsse | gardèssem | gardèssetz | gardèsson | |
compound tenses |
past | use the present subjunctive of aver + past participle | |||||
pluperfect | use the imperfect subjunctive of aver + past participle | ||||||
imperative | — | tu | — | nosautres | vosautres | — | |
garda | gardem | gardatz | 1Now chiefly obsolete, still in use in some Limousin and Vivaro-Alpin dialects | ||||
simple | compound | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
infinitive | gardar | aver gardat | |||||
gerund | gardant | use gerund of aver + past participle | |||||
past participle | gardat | — | |||||
person | singular | plural | |||||
first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
indicative | ieu | tu | el | nosautres | vosautres | eles | |
present | garde | gardes | garda | gardam | gardatz | gardon | |
imperfect | gardave | gardaves | gardava | gardaviam | gardaviatz | gardavon | |
preterite | gardere | garderes | gardet | gardem | gardetz | garderon | |
future | gardarai | gardaràs | gardará | gardarem | gardaretz | gardarán | |
conditional | gardariá | gardariás | gardariá | gardariam | gardariatz | gardarián | |
conditional 2nd form1 | gardèra | gardèras | gardèra | garderam | garderatz | gardèran | |
compound tenses |
present perfect | use the present tense of aver + past participle | |||||
pluperfect | use the imperfect tense of aver + past participle | ||||||
past anterior | use the preterite tense of aver + past participle | ||||||
future perfect | use the future tense of aver + past participle | ||||||
conditional perfect | use the conditional tense of aver + past participle | ||||||
subjunctive | que ieu | que tu | que el | que nosautres | que vosautres | que eles | |
present | garde | gardes | garde | gardassiam | gardassiatz | gardon | |
imperfect | gardesse | gardesses | gardesse | gardessiam | gardessiatz | gardesson | |
compound tenses |
past | use the present subjunctive of aver + past participle | |||||
pluperfect | use the imperfect subjunctive of aver + past participle | ||||||
imperative | — | tu | — | nosautres | vosautres | — | |
garda | gardassiam | gardatz | 1Now chiefly obsolete, still in use in some Limousin and Vivaro-Alpin dialects | ||||
simple | compound | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
infinitive | gardar | aver gardat | |||||
gerund | gardant | use gerund of aver + past participle | |||||
past participle | gardat | — | |||||
person | singular | plural | |||||
first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
indicative | ieu | tu | el | nosautres | vosautres | eles | |
present | gardi | gardas | garda | gardam | gardatz | gardan | |
imperfect | gardavi | gardavas | gardava | gardàvam | gardàvatz | gardavan | |
preterite | gardèi | gardès | gardè | gardèm | gardètz | gardèn | |
future | gardarèi | gardaràs | gardarà | gardaram | gardaratz | gardaràn | |
conditional | gardarí | gardarés | gardaré | gardarem | gardaretz | gardarén | |
conditional 2nd form1 | gardèra | gardèras | gardèra | garderam | garderatz | gardèran | |
compound tenses |
present perfect | use the present tense of aver + past participle | |||||
pluperfect | use the imperfect tense of aver + past participle | ||||||
past anterior | use the preterite tense of aver + past participle | ||||||
future perfect | use the future tense of aver + past participle | ||||||
conditional perfect | use the conditional tense of aver + past participle | ||||||
subjunctive | que ieu | que tu | que el | que nosautres | que vosautres | que eles | |
present | gardi | gardes | garde | gardem | gardetz | garden | |
imperfect | gardèssi | gardèsses | gardèsse | gardèssem | gardèssetz | gardèssen | |
compound tenses |
past | use the present subjunctive of aver + past participle | |||||
pluperfect | use the imperfect subjunctive of aver + past participle | ||||||
imperative | — | tu | — | nosautres | vosautres | — | |
garda | gardem | gardatz | 1Now chiefly obsolete, still in use in some Limousin and Vivaro-Alpin dialects | ||||
simple | compound | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
infinitive | gardar | aver gardat | |||||
gerund | gardant | use gerund of aver + past participle | |||||
past participle | gardat | — | |||||
person | singular | plural | |||||
first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
indicative | ieu | tu | el | nosautres | vosautres | eles | |
present | garde | gardas | garda | gardam | gardatz | gardan | |
imperfect | gardava | gardavas | gardava | gardàvam | gardàvatz | gardavan | |
preterite | gardei | garderas | gardet | gardèram | gardèratz | garderan | |
future | gardarai | gardaràs | gardará | gardarem | gardaretz | gardarán | |
conditional | gardariá | gardariàs | gardariá | gardariam | gardariatz | gardarián | |
conditional 2nd form1 | gardèra | gardèras | gardèra | garderam | garderatz | gardèran | |
compound tenses |
present perfect | use the present tense of aver + past participle | |||||
pluperfect | use the imperfect tense of aver + past participle | ||||||
past anterior | use the preterite tense of aver + past participle | ||||||
future perfect | use the future tense of aver + past participle | ||||||
conditional perfect | use the conditional tense of aver + past participle | ||||||
subjunctive | que ieu | que tu | que el | que nosautres | que vosautres | que eles | |
present | garde | gardes | garde | gardem | gardetz | garden | |
imperfect | gardèsse | gardèsses | gardèsse | gardèssem | gardèssetz | gardèssen | |
compound tenses |
past | use the present subjunctive of aver + past participle | |||||
pluperfect | use the imperfect subjunctive of aver + past participle | ||||||
imperative | — | tu | — | nosautres | vosautres | — | |
garda | gardem | gardatz | 1Now chiefly obsolete, still in use in some Limousin and Vivaro-Alpin dialects | ||||
simple | compound | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
infinitive | gardar | aver gardat | |||||
gerund | gardant | use gerund of aver + past participle | |||||
past participle | gardat | — | |||||
person | singular | plural | |||||
first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
indicative | ieu | tu | el | nosautres | vosautres | eles | |
present | garde | gardes | garda | gardam | gardatz | gardan | |
imperfect | gardavi | gardavas | gardava | gardàvem | gardàvetz | gardavan | |
preterite | gardère | gardères | gardèt | garderiam | garderiatz | gardèron | |
future | gardarai | gardaràs | gardarà | gardarem | gardaretz | gardaràn | |
conditional | gardariáu | gardariás | gardariá | gardariam | gardariatz | gardarián | |
conditional 2nd form1 | gardèra | gardèras | gardèra | garderam | garderatz | gardèran | |
compound tenses |
present perfect | use the present tense of aver + past participle | |||||
pluperfect | use the imperfect tense of aver + past participle | ||||||
past anterior | use the preterite tense of aver + past participle | ||||||
future perfect | use the future tense of aver + past participle | ||||||
conditional perfect | use the conditional tense of aver + past participle | ||||||
subjunctive | que ieu | que tu | que el | que nosautres | que vosautres | que eles | |
present | garde | gardes | garde | gardem | gardetz | gardan | |
imperfect | gardèsse | gardèsses | gardèsse | gardessiam | gardessiatz | gardèsson | |
compound tenses |
past | use the present subjunctive of aver + past participle | |||||
pluperfect | use the imperfect subjunctive of aver + past participle | ||||||
imperative | — | tu | — | nosautres | vosautres | — | |
garda | gardem | gardatz | 1Now chiefly obsolete, still in use in some Limousin and Vivaro-Alpin dialects | ||||
Old Galician-Portuguese
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Inherited from Early Medieval Latin wardāre.
Verb
[edit]gardar
- Alternative form of guardar
Conjugation
[edit] Conjugation of gardar
infinitive | simple | gardar | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
compound | infinitive of haver1 or tẽer2 + past participle | ||||||||
gerund | simple | gardando | |||||||
compound | gerund of haver1 or tẽer2 + past participle | ||||||||
past participle | singular | plural | |||||||
masculine | gardado | gardados | |||||||
feminine | gardada | gardadas | |||||||
present participle | gardante | gardantes | |||||||
person | singular | plural | |||||||
first | second | third | first | second | third | ||||
indicative mood | eu ei |
tu | el~ele ela vossa mercee |
nos nos outros nos outras |
vos vos outros vos outras |
eles elas | |||
simple tenses |
present | gardo | gardas | garda | gardamos | gardades | gardan | ||
imperfect | gardava | gardavas | gardava | gardavamos, gardávamos | gardavades, gardávades | gardavan | |||
preterite | gardei | gardaste, gardasche, gardache | gardou | gardamos | gardastes | gardaron | |||
pluperfect | gardara | gardaras | gardara | gardaramos, gardáramos | gardarades, gardárades | gardaran | |||
future | gardarei | gardarás | gardará | gardaremos | gardaredes | gardarán | |||
conditional | gardaria | gardarias | gardaria | gardariamos, gardaríamos | gardariades, gardaríades | gardarian | |||
compound tenses |
present perfect | present of haver1 or tẽer2 + past participle | |||||||
present imperfect | imperfect of haver1 or tẽer2 + past participle | ||||||||
past anterior | preterite of haver1 or tẽer2 + past participle | ||||||||
pluperfect | simple pluperfect of haver1 or tẽer2 + past participle | ||||||||
future perfect | future of haver1 or tẽer2 + past participle | ||||||||
conditional perfect | conditional of haver1 or tẽer2 + past participle | ||||||||
subjunctive mood | eu ei |
tu | el~ele ela vossa mercee |
nos nos outros nos outras |
vos vos outros vos outras |
eles elas | |||
simple tenses |
present | garde | gardes | garde | gardemos | gardedes | garden | ||
preterite | gardasse | gardasses | gardasse | gardássemos | gardássedes | gardassen | |||
future | gardar | gardares | gardar | gardarmos | gardardes | gardaren | |||
compound tenses |
present perfect | present subjunctive of haver1 or tẽer2 + past participle | |||||||
pluperfect | preterite subjunctive of haver1 or tẽer2 + past participle | ||||||||
future perfect | future subjunctive of haver1 or tẽer2 + past participle | ||||||||
imperative mood | — | tu | vossa mercee | nos nos outros nos outras |
vos vos outros vos outras |
— | |||
affirmative | — | garda | garde | gardemos | gardade | — | |||
negative | — | non gardes | non garde | non gardemos | non gardedes | — | |||
personal infinitive | eu ei |
tu | el~ele ela vossa mercee |
nos nos outros nos outras |
vos vos outros vos outras |
eles elas | |||
gardar | gardares | gardar | gardarmos | gardardes | gardaren | ||||
1 Its alternative spelling, aver, can be used as well. 2 Teer and ter were used too, though all 3 were less common than forms of "haver". |
Further reading
[edit]Old Occitan
[edit]Alternative forms
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Inherited from Early Medieval Latin wardāre.
Verb
[edit]gardar
- to protect
Descendants
[edit]- Occitan: gardar
References
[edit]- Walther von Wartburg (1928–2002) “*wardôn”, in Französisches Etymologisches Wörterbuch, volumes 17: Germanismes: S–Z, page 514
Categories:
- Franco-Provençal alternative forms
- Old Franco-Provençal
- Old Beaujolais
- Galician terms derived from Frankish
- Galician terms inherited from Old Galician-Portuguese
- Galician terms derived from Old Galician-Portuguese
- Galician terms inherited from Early Medieval Latin
- Galician terms derived from Early Medieval Latin
- Galician terms with IPA pronunciation
- Galician lemmas
- Galician verbs
- Galician verbs ending in -ar
- Galician transitive verbs
- Galician terms with quotations
- Galician reflexive verbs
- Norwegian terms with IPA pronunciation
- Norwegian Nynorsk non-lemma forms
- Norwegian Nynorsk noun forms
- Occitan terms derived from Frankish
- Occitan terms inherited from Old Occitan
- Occitan terms derived from Old Occitan
- Occitan terms inherited from Early Medieval Latin
- Occitan terms derived from Early Medieval Latin
- Occitan terms with audio pronunciation
- Occitan lemmas
- Occitan verbs
- Occitan first group verbs
- Languedocien
- Vivaro-Alpine
- Old Galician-Portuguese terms inherited from Early Medieval Latin
- Old Galician-Portuguese terms derived from Early Medieval Latin
- Old Galician-Portuguese lemmas
- Old Galician-Portuguese verbs
- Old Galician-Portuguese verbs ending in -ar
- Old Occitan terms derived from Frankish
- Old Occitan terms inherited from Early Medieval Latin
- Old Occitan terms derived from Early Medieval Latin
- Old Occitan lemmas
- Old Occitan verbs