deficio

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Latin

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Alternative forms

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Etymology

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From de- +‎ facio.

Pronunciation

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Verb

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dēficiō (present infinitive dēficere, perfect active dēfēcī, supine dēfectum); third conjugation iō-variant

  1. (intransitive, ab + ablative or ad + accusative) to move away, leave, withdraw, break away
    ab aliqua re deficereto break away from something
  2. (intransitive) to be exhausted, run out, fail
  3. (intransitive) to be discouraged, disappoint or let down
  4. (intransitive) to finish up, die
  5. (transitive) to forsake, desert or abandon
  6. (passive voice, reflexive) to be lacking in, to fall short, have shortcomings, fail

Conjugation

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   Conjugation of dēficiō (third conjugation -variant)
indicative singular plural
first second third first second third
active present dēficiō dēficis dēficit dēficimus dēficitis dēficiunt
imperfect dēficiēbam dēficiēbās dēficiēbat dēficiēbāmus dēficiēbātis dēficiēbant
future dēficiam dēficiēs dēficiet dēficiēmus dēficiētis dēficient
perfect dēfēcī dēfēcistī dēfēcit dēfēcimus dēfēcistis dēfēcērunt,
dēfēcēre
pluperfect dēfēceram dēfēcerās dēfēcerat dēfēcerāmus dēfēcerātis dēfēcerant
future perfect dēfēcerō dēfēceris dēfēcerit dēfēcerimus dēfēceritis dēfēcerint
sigmatic future1 dēfexō dēfexis dēfexit dēfeximus dēfexitis dēfexint
passive present dēficior dēficeris,
dēficere
dēficitur dēficimur dēficiminī dēficiuntur
imperfect dēficiēbar dēficiēbāris,
dēficiēbāre
dēficiēbātur dēficiēbāmur dēficiēbāminī dēficiēbantur
future dēficiar dēficiēris,
dēficiēre
dēficiētur dēficiēmur dēficiēminī dēficientur
perfect dēfectus + present active indicative of sum
pluperfect dēfectus + imperfect active indicative of sum
future perfect dēfectus + future active indicative of sum
subjunctive singular plural
first second third first second third
active present dēficiam dēficiās dēficiat dēficiāmus dēficiātis dēficiant
imperfect dēficerem dēficerēs dēficeret dēficerēmus dēficerētis dēficerent
perfect dēfēcerim dēfēcerīs dēfēcerit dēfēcerīmus dēfēcerītis dēfēcerint
pluperfect dēfēcissem dēfēcissēs dēfēcisset dēfēcissēmus dēfēcissētis dēfēcissent
sigmatic aorist1 dēfexim dēfexīs dēfexīt dēfexīmus dēfexītis dēfexint
passive present dēficiar dēficiāris,
dēficiāre
dēficiātur dēficiāmur dēficiāminī dēficiantur
imperfect dēficerer dēficerēris,
dēficerēre
dēficerētur dēficerēmur dēficerēminī dēficerentur
perfect dēfectus + present active subjunctive of sum
pluperfect dēfectus + imperfect active subjunctive of sum
imperative singular plural
first second third first second third
active present dēfice dēficite
future dēficitō dēficitō dēficitōte dēficiuntō
passive present dēficere dēficiminī
future dēficitor dēficitor dēficiuntor
non-finite forms active passive
present perfect future present perfect future
infinitives dēficere dēfēcisse dēfectūrum esse dēficī dēfectum esse dēfectum īrī
participles dēficiēns dēfectūrus dēfectus dēficiendus,
dēficiundus
verbal nouns gerund supine
genitive dative accusative ablative accusative ablative
dēficiendī dēficiendō dēficiendum dēficiendō dēfectum dēfectū

1At least one use of the archaic "sigmatic future" and "sigmatic aorist" tenses is attested, which are used by Old Latin writers; most notably Plautus and Terence. The sigmatic future is generally ascribed a future or future perfect meaning, while the sigmatic aorist expresses a possible desire ("might want to").

Quotations

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  • 526–527, Priscianus Caesariensis, Institutiones Grammaticae, De Dictione
    vides ergo per se ipsam syllabam deficere praedictorum ratione nec aliter posse examussim tractari, nisi posita sit in dictione.
    (please add an English translation of this quotation)
  • 845, the same as it appears in the St. Gall Priscian Glosses
    uidesgͦ p̛se ipsam syllabã difficere p͞dictor̄ ratione, necalit̄ posse examosim tractari n͗ posita indictione sit.
    So you see that in and of itself the syllable is insufficient because of the aforementioned, and cannot otherwise exactly be used unless it is placed in a word.

Synonyms

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Antonyms

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Derived terms

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Descendants

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  • Galician: devecer
  • English: defect
  • Dutch: defecteren
  • German: defektieren
  • Portuguese: défice
  • Swedish: defektera

References

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  • deficio in Enrico Olivetti, editor (2003-2024), Dizionario Latino, Olivetti Media Communication
  • deficio”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
  • deficio”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
  • deficio in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
  • Carl Meißner, Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book[1], London: Macmillan and Co.
    • the sun, moon, is eclipsed: sol (luna) deficit, obscuratur
    • to lose strength: vires aliquem deficiunt
    • to lose courage; to despair: animo cadere, deficere
    • to deviate from the path of virtue: a virtute discedere or deficere
    • a man's credit begins to go down: fides aliquem deficere coepit
    • to betray the interests of the state: a re publica deficere