cupio

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Latin

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Etymology

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From Proto-Italic *kupiō, from a Proto-Indo-European root akin to *kwep- (to smoke, boil, move violently); see also Lithuanian kūpėti (to boil over), Old Church Slavonic кꙑпѣти (kypěti, to boil), Sanskrit कुप्यति (kúpyati, become agitated, bubbles up), English hope.

Pronunciation

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Verb

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cupiō (present infinitive cupere, perfect active cupīvī or cupiī, supine cupītum); third conjugation iō-variant

  1. to desire, long for
    Synonyms: requīrō, affectō, aveō, quaerō, studeō, concupiō, indigeō, petō, sitiō, expetō, circumspiciō, spectō, voveō, appetō
    Antonyms: āversor, abhorreō
  2. to please, favor, be well disposed towards (someone, something)
    • Cupio omnia quaevis.
      Your wishes are mine.
      (literally, “I favor whatever you want.”)

Conjugation

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   Conjugation of cupiō (third conjugation -variant)
indicative singular plural
first second third first second third
active present cupiō cupis cupit cupimus cupitis cupiunt
imperfect cupiēbam cupiēbās cupiēbat cupiēbāmus cupiēbātis cupiēbant
future cupiam cupiēs cupiet cupiēmus cupiētis cupient
perfect cupīvī,
cupiī
cupīvistī,
cupiistī,
cupīstī1
cupīvit,
cupiit,
cupīt1
cupīvimus,
cupiimus,
cupīmus1
cupīvistis,
cupiistis,
cupīstis1
cupīvērunt,
cupīvēre,
cupiērunt,
cupiēre,
cupīrunt1
pluperfect cupīveram,
cupieram,
cupīram1
cupīverās,
cupierās,
cupīrās1
cupīverat,
cupierat,
cupīrat1
cupīverāmus,
cupierāmus,
cupīrāmus1
cupīverātis,
cupierātis,
cupīrātis1
cupīverant,
cupierant,
cupīrant1
future perfect cupīverō,
cupierō,
cupīrō1
cupīveris,
cupieris,
cupīris1
cupīverit,
cupierit,
cupīrit1
cupīverimus,
cupierimus,
cupīrimus1
cupīveritis,
cupieritis,
cupīritis1
cupīverint,
cupierint,
cupīrint1
passive present cupior cuperis,
cupere
cupitur cupimur cupiminī cupiuntur
imperfect cupiēbar cupiēbāris,
cupiēbāre
cupiēbātur cupiēbāmur cupiēbāminī cupiēbantur
future cupiar cupiēris,
cupiēre
cupiētur cupiēmur cupiēminī cupientur
perfect cupītus + present active indicative of sum
pluperfect cupītus + imperfect active indicative of sum
future perfect cupītus + future active indicative of sum
subjunctive singular plural
first second third first second third
active present cupiam cupiās cupiat cupiāmus cupiātis cupiant
imperfect cuperem cuperēs cuperet cuperēmus cuperētis cuperent
perfect cupīverim,
cupierim,
cupīrim1
cupīverīs,
cupierīs,
cupīrīs1
cupīverit,
cupierit,
cupīrit1
cupīverīmus,
cupierīmus,
cupīrīmus1
cupīverītis,
cupierītis,
cupīrītis1
cupīverint,
cupierint,
cupīrint1
pluperfect cupīvissem,
cupiissem,
cupīssem1
cupīvissēs,
cupiissēs,
cupīssēs1
cupīvisset,
cupiisset,
cupīsset1
cupīvissēmus,
cupiissēmus,
cupīssēmus1
cupīvissētis,
cupiissētis,
cupīssētis1
cupīvissent,
cupiissent,
cupīssent1
passive present cupiar cupiāris,
cupiāre
cupiātur cupiāmur cupiāminī cupiantur
imperfect cuperer cuperēris,
cuperēre
cuperētur cuperēmur cuperēminī cuperentur
perfect cupītus + present active subjunctive of sum
pluperfect cupītus + imperfect active subjunctive of sum
imperative singular plural
first second third first second third
active present cupe cupite
future cupitō cupitō cupitōte cupiuntō
passive present cupere cupiminī
future cupitor cupitor cupiuntor
non-finite forms active passive
present perfect future present perfect future
infinitives cupere cupīvisse,
cupiisse,
cupīsse1
cupītūrum esse cupī cupītum esse cupītum īrī
participles cupiēns cupītūrus cupītus cupiendus,
cupiundus
verbal nouns gerund supine
genitive dative accusative ablative accusative ablative
cupiendī cupiendō cupiendum cupiendō cupītum cupītū

1At least one rare poetic syncopated perfect form is attested.

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Descendants

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  • Sardinian: cubere
  • Walloon: keûre
  • English: cupiosexual

Reflexes of the Late Latin variant cupīre:

Reflexes of the Late Latin variant cupiscere:

References

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Further reading

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  • cupio”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
  • cupio in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
  • Carl Meißner, Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book[1], London: Macmillan and Co.
    • to be favourably disposed towards: alicuius causa velle or cupere