contraindre

French

Etymology

Inherited from Middle French constraindre, contraindre, from Old French constraindre, constreindre, contraindre, from Latin cōnstringere.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /kɔ̃.tʁɛ̃dʁ/

• Audio:

  (file)

Verb

contraindre

1. to constrain
2. to compel; force

   Synonyms: forcer, obliger

Conjugation

This verb is conjugated like peindre. It uses the same endings as rendre or vendre, but its -nd- becomes -gn- before a vowel, and its past participle ends in 't' instead of a vowel.

Conjugation of contraindre (see also Appendix:French verbs)

infinitive	simple	contraindre
	compound	avoir + past participle
present participle or gerund1	simple	contraignant /kɔ̃.tʁɛ.ɲɑ̃/ or /kɔ̃.tʁe.ɲɑ̃/
	compound	ayant + past participle
past participle		contraint /kɔ̃.tʁɛ̃/
		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
indicative		je (j’)	tu	il, elle, on	nous	vous	ils, elles
(simple tenses)	present	contrains /kɔ̃.tʁɛ̃/	contrains /kɔ̃.tʁɛ̃/	contraint /kɔ̃.tʁɛ̃/	contraignons /kɔ̃.tʁɛ.ɲɔ̃/ or /kɔ̃.tʁe.ɲɔ̃/	contraignez /kɔ̃.tʁɛ.ɲe/ or /kɔ̃.tʁe.ɲe/	contraignent /kɔ̃.tʁɛɲ/
	imperfect	contraignais /kɔ̃.tʁɛ.ɲɛ/ or /kɔ̃.tʁe.ɲɛ/	contraignais /kɔ̃.tʁɛ.ɲɛ/ or /kɔ̃.tʁe.ɲɛ/	contraignait /kɔ̃.tʁɛ.ɲɛ/ or /kɔ̃.tʁe.ɲɛ/	contraignions /kɔ̃.tʁɛ.ɲjɔ̃/ or /kɔ̃.tʁe.ɲjɔ̃/	contraigniez /kɔ̃.tʁɛ.ɲje/ or /kɔ̃.tʁe.ɲje/	contraignaient /kɔ̃.tʁɛ.ɲɛ/ or /kɔ̃.tʁe.ɲɛ/
	past historic2	contraignis /kɔ̃.tʁɛ.ɲi/ or /kɔ̃.tʁe.ɲi/	contraignis /kɔ̃.tʁɛ.ɲi/ or /kɔ̃.tʁe.ɲi/	contraignit /kɔ̃.tʁɛ.ɲi/ or /kɔ̃.tʁe.ɲi/	contraignîmes /kɔ̃.tʁɛ.ɲim/ or /kɔ̃.tʁe.ɲim/	contraignîtes /kɔ̃.tʁɛ.ɲit/ or /kɔ̃.tʁe.ɲit/	contraignirent /kɔ̃.tʁɛ.ɲiʁ/ or /kɔ̃.tʁe.ɲiʁ/
	future	contraindrai /kɔ̃.tʁɛ̃.dʁe/	contraindras /kɔ̃.tʁɛ̃.dʁa/	contraindra /kɔ̃.tʁɛ̃.dʁa/	contraindrons /kɔ̃.tʁɛ̃.dʁɔ̃/	contraindrez /kɔ̃.tʁɛ̃.dʁe/	contraindront /kɔ̃.tʁɛ̃.dʁɔ̃/
	conditional	contraindrais /kɔ̃.tʁɛ̃.dʁɛ/	contraindrais /kɔ̃.tʁɛ̃.dʁɛ/	contraindrait /kɔ̃.tʁɛ̃.dʁɛ/	contraindrions /kɔ̃.tʁɛ̃.dʁi.jɔ̃/	contraindriez /kɔ̃.tʁɛ̃.dʁi.je/	contraindraient /kɔ̃.tʁɛ̃.dʁɛ/
(compound tenses)	present perfect	present indicative of avoir + past participle
	pluperfect	imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle
	past anterior2	past historic of avoir + past participle
	future perfect	future of avoir + past participle
	conditional perfect	conditional of avoir + past participle
subjunctive		que je (j’)	que tu	qu’il, qu’elle	que nous	que vous	qu’ils, qu’elles
(simple tenses)	present	contraigne /kɔ̃.tʁɛɲ/	contraignes /kɔ̃.tʁɛɲ/	contraigne /kɔ̃.tʁɛɲ/	contraignions /kɔ̃.tʁɛ.ɲjɔ̃/ or /kɔ̃.tʁe.ɲjɔ̃/	contraigniez /kɔ̃.tʁɛ.ɲje/ or /kɔ̃.tʁe.ɲje/	contraignent /kɔ̃.tʁɛɲ/
	imperfect2	contraignisse /kɔ̃.tʁɛ.ɲis/ or /kɔ̃.tʁe.ɲis/	contraignisses /kɔ̃.tʁɛ.ɲis/ or /kɔ̃.tʁe.ɲis/	contraignît /kɔ̃.tʁɛ.ɲi/ or /kɔ̃.tʁe.ɲi/	contraignissions /kɔ̃.tʁɛ.ɲi.sjɔ̃/ or /kɔ̃.tʁe.ɲi.sjɔ̃/	contraignissiez /kɔ̃.tʁɛ.ɲi.sje/ or /kɔ̃.tʁe.ɲi.sje/	contraignissent /kɔ̃.tʁɛ.ɲis/ or /kɔ̃.tʁe.ɲis/
(compound tenses)	past	present subjunctive of avoir + past participle
	pluperfect2	imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle
imperative		–	tu	–	nous	vous	–
simple		—	contrains /kɔ̃.tʁɛ̃/	—	contraignons /kɔ̃.tʁɛ.ɲɔ̃/ or /kɔ̃.tʁe.ɲɔ̃/	contraignez /kɔ̃.tʁɛ.ɲe/ or /kɔ̃.tʁe.ɲe/	—
compound		—	simple imperative of avoir + past participle	—	simple imperative of avoir + past participle	simple imperative of avoir + past participle	—
1 The French gerund is usable only with the preposition en.
2 In less formal writing or speech, these tenses may be found to have been replaced in the following way: past historic → present perfect past anterior → pluperfect imperfect subjunctive → present subjunctive pluperfect subjunctive → past subjunctive (Christopher Kendris [1995], Master the Basics: French, pp. 77, 78, 79, 81).

Derived terms

• contraignant
• contraint
• contrainte

 

Related terms

• astreindre
• constriction
• étreindre
• restreindre

 

Further reading

• “contraindre”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.