castellum
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English
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Learned borrowing from Latin castellum. Doublet of cashel, castell, castle, and château.
Noun
[edit]castellum (plural castella or castellums)
- (historical) A small Roman detached fort or fortlet used as a watch tower or signal station.
Dutch
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Learned borrowing from Latin castellum. Doublet of kasteel, chateau, Kessel, Castilië, ketella, and telo.
Pronunciation
[edit]Audio: (file)
Noun
[edit]castellum n (plural castella or castellums, diminutive castellumpje n)
Further reading
[edit]- castellum on the Dutch Wikipedia.Wikipedia nl
Latin
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From castrum (“fort”) + -lum (diminutive suffix).
Pronunciation
[edit]- (Classical Latin) IPA(key): /kasˈtel.lum/, [käs̠ˈt̪ɛlːʲʊ̃ˑ]
- (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA(key): /kasˈtel.lum/, [käsˈt̪ɛlːum]
Noun
[edit]castellum n (genitive castellī); second declension
- castle, fort, citadel, fortress, stronghold
- (figuratively) a shelter, stronghold, defence, refuge
- a structure in which the water of an aqueduct is collected, to be distributed by pipes or channels in different directions; a reservoir
Declension
[edit]Second-declension noun (neuter).
Case | Singular | Plural |
---|---|---|
Nominative | castellum | castella |
Genitive | castellī | castellōrum |
Dative | castellō | castellīs |
Accusative | castellum | castella |
Ablative | castellō | castellīs |
Vocative | castellum | castella |
Derived terms
[edit]Descendants
[edit]- Dalmatian: castial
- Gallo-Romance:
- Franco-Provençal: châtél
- Old French: chastel, castel (northern), chatel (late)
- Angevin: châtiau
- Bourguignon: chaîteâ
- Champenois: châté (Troyen), châtiau (Troyen), tâté (Rémois)
- Franc-Comtois: tchaîtiâ
- Lorrain: tchestia
- Middle French: chasteau, chastel
- Norman: châté, câté, câtel
- Picard: câtieu, câtiau (Picardie, Nord-Pas-de-Calais)
- Poitevin-Saintongeais: châtea
- Walloon: tchestea
- → Middle Dutch: casteel
- → Middle English: castel, castelle, castle, chastel
- → Middle Irish: caistél
- Ibero-Romance:
- Aragonese: castiello
- Old Galician-Portuguese: castelo
- Old Leonese: *castiellu
- Old Spanish: castiello
- Insular Romance:
- Sardinian: casteddu
- Italo-Romance:
- North Italian:
- Occitano-Romance:
- Romanian: castel
- → Albanian: kështjel, këshqel
- → Aramaic: קַסְטֵל (qasṭēl)
- → Arabic: قَسْطَل (qasṭal)
- → Dutch: castellum (learned)
- → English: castellum (learned)
- → Old Irish: caisel
- → Proto-Brythonic: *kastell (see there for further descendants)
- → Proto-West Germanic: *kastell (see there for further descendants)
References
[edit]- “castellum”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- “castellum”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
- castellum in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
- castellum in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
- “castellum”, in Harry Thurston Peck, editor (1898), Harper's Dictionary of Classical Antiquities, New York: Harper & Brothers
- “castellum”, in William Smith, editor (1854, 1857), A Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography, volume 1 & 2, London: Walton and Maberly
Categories:
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- Dutch terms borrowed from Latin
- Dutch learned borrowings from Latin
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