adgnin

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Old Irish

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Etymology

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From aith- +‎ ·gnin, from Proto-Celtic *gninuti, from Proto-Indo-European *ǵneh₃- (to know). Cognate with Welsh adwaen and Cornish aswon (both from *ati-uɸo-gni-).

Pronunciation

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Verb

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ad·gnin (verbal noun aithgne)

  1. to know, to recognize
    Synonyms: as·gnin, in·gnin
    • c. 845, St Gall Glosses on Priscian, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1975, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. II, pp. 49–224, Sg. 29b10
      .i. air ni conbiasom manibé aní huanaithgnintar ⁊ huanainmnigther
      i.e. for it will not exist unless there exist that from which it is recognised and named
    • For more quotations using this term, see Citations:adgnin.
  2. to perceive, to be aware of, to understand
    • c. 800, Würzburg Glosses on the Pauline Epistles, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1987, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. I, pp. 499–712, Wb. 1b14:
      .i. ætgnithi .i. isfollus doib asnoipred fir oirdnithi
      i.e. understood, i.e. it is manifest to them that it is the working of a supreme being
  3. to know sexually
    • Lebor na hUidre, line 10323
      nír forfáemusa mnaí atgnead fer

Usage notes

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In the sense ‘know, recognize’ the preterite is often used with a present meaning; see for example the two quotes from the Würzburg glosses on the citations page.

Conjugation

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Descendants

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  • Irish: aithin
  • Scottish Gaelic: aithnich

Mutation

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Old Irish mutation
Radical Lenition Nasalization
ad·gnin ad·gnin
pronounced with /-ɣ(ʲ)-/
ad·ngnin
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every
possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.

References

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