Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/rъvati
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This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Slavic
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Baltic cognates include Lithuanian ravė́ti (“to weed”), 1sg. raviù, Latvian ravêt (“to weed”), Lithuanian ráuti (“to tear out, to pull”), Latvian raût (“to tear, to pull, to take”). Further connections:
- Vasmer: Indo-European cognates include Sanskrit रवति (rávati, “to smash, to crush”), Latin ruere (“to rip, to dig”), rūtrum (“spade”), Ancient Greek ἐρυσίχθων (erusíkhthōn, “raking the ground”), Irish ruam (“spade”) < *roumā. (This root is normally reconstructed as Proto-Indo-European *Hrew-.)
- Derksen: From Proto-Indo-European *(H)ruH-. Indo-European cognates include Old Norse rýja (“to tear out wool”), Latin rūta caesa (“minerals already dug up, timber already felled, when an estate is sold”). Derksen seems unwilling to include Vasmer's cognates due to his assumption of a laryngeal in the root, required in his view to account for the acute tone of *rỳti.
Distantly related to English reave etc., from Proto-Germanic *reufaną, from a PIE root extension *Hrewp- of the above root, and with a further extension to Latin rumpō (“to burst”). Not related to English rift etc., from Proto-Germanic *rīfaną.
Verb
[edit]*rъvàti impf[1]
- to tear
Inflection
[edit]Conjugation of *rъvati, *rъva, *rъvetь (impf., -a/C-, s-aorist, accent paradigm c)
Suffix: *-ati
| Verbal noun | Infinitive | Supine | L-participle |
|---|---|---|---|
| *rъvanьje | *rъvati | *rъvatъ | *rъvalъ |
| Participles | ||
|---|---|---|
| Tense | Past | Present |
| Passive | *rъvanъ | *rъvomъ |
| Active | *rъvavъ | *rъvy |
| Aorist | Present | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Person | 1st | 2nd | 3rd | 1st | 2nd | 3rd |
| Singular | *rъvaxъ | *rъva | *rъva | *rъvǫ | *rъveši | *rъvetь |
| Dual | *rъvaxově | *rъvasta | *rъvaste | *rъvevě | *rъveta | *rъvete |
| Plural | *rъvaxomъ | *rъvaste | *rъvašę | *rъvemъ | *rъvete | *rъvǫtь |
| Imperfect | Imperative | |||||
| Person | 1st | 2nd | 3rd | 1st | 2nd | 3rd |
| Singular | *rъvaaxъ | *rъvaaše | *rъvaaše | — | *rъvi | *rъvi |
| Dual | *rъvaaxově | *rъvaašeta | *rъvaašete | *rъvěvě | *rъvěta | — |
| Plural | *rъvaaxomъ | *rъvaašete | *rъvaaxǫ | *rъvěmъ | *rъvěte | — |
Related terms
[edit]Descendants
[edit]- East Slavic:
- South Slavic:
- West Slavic:
Further reading
[edit]- Chernykh, P. Ja. (1993) “рвать”, in Историко-этимологический словарь русского языка [Historical-Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), 3rd edition, volume 2 (панцирь – ящур), Moscow: Russian Lang., →ISBN, page 100
- Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “рвать”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress
References
[edit]- ^ Derksen, Rick (2008) “*rъvàti”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, →ISSN, page 441: “v. (c) ‘tear’”