Reconstruction:Proto-Sino-Tibetan/kl(j)u(ŋ/k)
Proto-Sino-Tibetan
[edit]Etymology
[edit]- Proto-Sino-Tibetan: ?
- Proto-Tibeto-Burman: *klu(ː)ŋ ~ *k(l)uk ~ *klyoŋ (Matisoff, STEDT); *kluːŋ (Benedict, 1972; Chou, 1972)
This word is fairly common in the Mainland Southeast Asian Sprachbund (Matisoff, 1991). The PTB etymon is probably a loan from Proto-Mon-Khmer *ruŋ ~ *ruuŋ ~ *ruəŋ (“river, valley”). Compare for instance Vietnamese sông, Old Khmer *ghloṅ (“passage, way; waterway”) and Pacoh cruang. Other borrowings from PMK are Thai คลอง (klɔɔng, “channel”) in Tai-Kadai and Eastern Cham krăwng (“river”), Acehnese kruëng (“river”) in Austronesian.
In Chinese there are two kind of reflexes: one with a nasal coda, found in 江 (OC *kroːŋ, “river”) and its derivate 港 (OC *kroːŋʔ, *ɡloːŋs, “harbour”), and one with the correspondent velar stop, reconstructed for 谷 (OC *ɦkroːɡ, *kloːɡ, *ɡ·loːɡ, “valley”).
This root appear to be somehow related to Proto-Sino-Tibetan *grawk (“valley”).
Noun
[edit]*k)
Descendants
[edit]- Old Chinese: 江 (jiāng) /*kˤroŋ/ (B-S), /*kroːŋ/ (ZS) ("river"); 港 /*kroːŋʔ, ɡloːŋs/ (ZS) ("harbour"); 谷 /*C.qˤok/ (B-S), /*ɦkroːɡ, kloːɡ, ɡloːɡ/ (ZS).
- Tangkhulic: /*koŋ/ (Mortensen, 2012)
- Tangkhul: kong (“river”)
- Sal
- Jingpho: kung (/kuŋ/, “river”)
- Tibeto-Kanauri
- Lolo-Burmese-Naxi
- Lolo-Burmese
- Loloish
- Nusu: /khɹoŋ⁵⁵/
- Burmish
- Burmese: ချိုင့်ဝှမ်း (hkyuing.hwam:, “valley”); ချောင်း (hkyaung:, “stream, brook”); ချောက် (hkyauk, “chasm, gulf, ravine”)
- Tavoyan: ခ္လောင်း (“stream, brook, creek”)
- Loloish
- Lolo-Burmese
See also
[edit]- *grawk (“valley”)