Reconstruction:Proto-Sino-Tibetan/d-kʷəj-n

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This Proto-Sino-Tibetan entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Sino-Tibetan

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Etymology

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  • Proto-Sino-Tibetan: ?
    • Proto-Tibeto-Burman: *d-kʷəy-n (Matisoff, STEDT; Mortensen, 2012); *kwiy=*kwəy ⪤ **d-k-wiy (LaPolla, 1987); *kwiy (Chou, 1972; Weidert, 1987; Benedict, 1972); *kwəy (Chou, 1972; Weidert, 1987)

A widely attested root in Sino-Tibetan languages.

The nasal suffix -n is reconstructed solely on the basis of the Chinese comparandum " (quǎn)", where it is said to function as a "collective plural" suffix. This word has almost been completely replaced by (gǒu) (gǒu, from Old Chinese *Cə.kˁroʔ, "dog") in modern varieties, which Schuessler (2007) considers to be a substrate loanword of Hmong-Mien origin (Proto-Hmong-Mien *qluwˣ (dog)), which is in turn perhaps an Austronesian loan, cf. Proto-Austronesian *(u-)(ŋ)kuɣkuɣ (dog) (Benedict, 1996). Compare Proto-Japonic *enu (dog) (distantly possible as *eŋku (signature shift), from **e-ŋku[kuɣ] (typical reduction on the right)), and Middle Korean 가히 (gahi, dog) (Modern (gae)).

Compare Proto-Indo-European *ḱwṓ (dog) (whence English hound, Latin canis, Ancient Greek κύων (kúōn), Sanskrit श्वन् (śván)), where the -n suffixed form is preserved in many modern reflexes.

Eastern Han Dynasty, a standing statue of a dog from Sichuan, China.

Noun

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*d-kʷəj-n

  1. dog

Descendants

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  • Old Chinese: /*kʰʷeːnʔ/ (ZS), /*kʷʰˤenʔ/ (B-S) (dog)
    (in the oracle bone script)
    • Middle Chinese: /kʰwenX/
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5=gyeon
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**:

Japanese:  (けん, ​ken)
Korean:  (, gyeon)
Vietnamese: khuyển ()

See also

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